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. 2022 Dec 1;13:1005862. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1005862

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Copyright © 2022 Verdú, Pérez-Arnaiz, Peropadre, Berenguer and Mencía.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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DNA integrity analysis in Thermus thermophilus mutants. Representative images of control and mutant strains analyzed by neutral comet assay and stained with GelRed^®. The whole extent of the comet tail relative to the head provides qualitative information about the amount of DNA lesions (A) HB27. (B) ppol::kat. (C) addAB::kat. (D) ppol_cat. (E) ppol::lox72. (F) ppol_comp. In the HB27 cultures, the majority of the cells were intact showing little or no DNA migration (fluorescence limited to nucleoids). On the other hand, in the mutants DNA leaked out from the nucleoid indicating the presence of strand fragmentation. The different halos and migration patterns are indicative of the amount of DNA damage. Cells with extensive lesions had almost all DNA in the tail due to migration from the nucleoid.