Table 3.

Factors associated with tobacco use among adult residents of Harari regional state, Ethiopia, 2022 (N = 910).

Variable	Characteristics	Tobacco use		COR (95%CI)	AOR (95%CI)	P-value
		Yes	No
Sex	Female	50	458	1	1	1
	Male	82	320	2.35 (1.61, 3.43)	2.21 (1.43, 3.43)*	P < 0.001
Age	<30 years	23	154	0.91 (0.53, 1.57)	0.73 (0.39, 1.35)	0.318
	31–40 years	33	215	0.94 (0.57, 1.53)	0.96 (0.56, 1.65)	0.887
	41–50 years	34	153	1.35 (0.83, 2.22)	1.26 (0.73, 2.19)	0.405
	>50 years	42	256	1	1	1
Religion	Muslim	115	574	3.11 (0.73, 13.16)	1.71 (0.37, 7.91)	0.491
	Orthodox	15	173	1.34 (0.29, 6.17)	0.84 (0.17, 4.26)	0.834
	Protestant	2	31	1	1	1
Educational status	No formal education	71	310	3.41 (1.76, 6.62)	2.51 (1.13, 5.56)*	0.024
	Elementary (1–8)	26	135	2.87 (1.37, 6.02)	2.32 (1.02, 5.31)*	0.045
	Secondary	24	169	2.12 (1.00, 4.461)	2.89 (1.29, 6.48)*	0.010
	Diploma and above	11	164	1	1	1
Occupational status	Farmer	85	350	2.13 (1.41, 3.22)	1.68 (0.96, 2.93)	0.071
	Student	6	49	1.10 (0.44, 2.74)	0.98 (0.36, 2.64)	0.964
	Unemployed	5	37	1.22 (0.45, 3.28)	1.48 (0.50, 4.37)	0.473
	Governmental job	38	342	1	1	1
Monthly income	<2,166	60	267	1.59 (1.09, 2.32)	0.79 (0.82, 1.97)	0.280
	>2,166	72	511	1	1	1
Living place	Rural	49	128	2.99 (2.01, 4.48)	1.45 (0.79, 2.66)	0.233
	Urban	83	650	1	1	1
Alcohol use	Alcohol non-user	112	723	1	1	1
	Alcohol user	20	55	2.35 (1.36, 4.07)	3.52 (1.81, 6.85)*	P < 001
Khat use	Khat non-user	19	315	1	1	1
	Khat user	113	463	4.05 (2.44, 6.72)	3.48 (1.99, 6.05)*	P < 001
Availability	Not available	95	651	1	1	1
	Available	37	127	1.99 (1.31, 3.05)	1.14 (0.69, 1.87)	0.600
Peer pressure	Not influenced	101	735	1	1	1
	Influenced	31	43	5.25 (3.16, 8.71)	3.01 (1.68, 5.37)*	P < 0.001
Common mental disorder	No	91	641	1	1	1
	Yes	41	137	2.11 (1.39, 3.18)	2.56 (1.56, 4.22)*	P < 0.001

COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; 1, Reference *significant at P < 0.05.