TABLE 2.
Index values of abnormal gait patterns calculated by the marker-based motion capture system using three-dimensional (3D) gait analysis system.
| Abnormal gait patterns | Grade 1 | Grade 2 | Grade 3 | Grade 4 |
| Hip hiking | 5.91 (3.98) | 16.56 (5.90) | 22.00 (11.22) | 30.72 (12.02) |
| Circumduction | 2.22 (2.20) | 6.82 (2.98) | 11.13 (2.92) | 19.58 (5.51) |
| Retropulsion of the hip | −9.18(4.75) | 0.23 (8.63) | 6.55 (6.66) | 13.11 (7.91) |
| Excessive hip external rotation | 26.39 (8.98) | 51.38 (9.50) | 68.35 (15.77) | 81.25 (11.86) |
| Excessive lateral shift of the trunk over the unaffected side | 4.24 (4.30) | 13.67 (3.87) | 20.16 (3.33) | 26.67 (4.92) |
| Knee extensor thrust | 0.15 (0.19) | 0.71 (0.34) | 1.23 (0.56) | 2.25 (0.84) |
| Medial whip | 11.94 (7.88) | 34.43 (14.24) | 54.48 (24.17) | 88.05 (34.64) |
| Trunk posterior tilt | 19.80 (13.36) | 39.26 (17.39) | 49.22 (15.18) | 59.71 (16.46) |
| Contralateral vaulting | −0.54(1.17) | 0.21 (2.68) | 0.75 (2.48) | 2.05 (4.23) |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) of the index values of abnormal gait patterns in all participants. These indexes are non-units as they are adjusted by the stride length.