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. 2022 Dec 1;10:1050469. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1050469

Table 4.

Differences of mean BMI, muscle strength, and anxiety level compared with the control group.

Secondary outcomes Intervention Control Post-test–pre-test
Pre-test Post-test Pre-test Post-test Intervention-control
Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD 95% CI T-value P-value Cohen's d
BMI (kg/m2) 21.8 ± 2.7 21.6 ± 2.6 20.7 ± 2.0 20.4 ± 1.8 −0.2 ± 0.2 −0.5, 0.2 −0.859 0.399 0.09
SAS 58.1 ± 6.2 39.0 ± 4.2 54.7 ± 6.5 46.3 ± 9.5 −10.1 ± 3.2 −16.7, −3.4 −3.12 0.005 1.26
Barbell bench press (kg) 23.8 ± 5.8 29.6 ± 7.0 22.5 ± 5.7 23.1 ± 6.7 4.4 ± 1.1 2.1, 6.8 4.006 0.001 1.70
Lat pull-down (kg) 37.0 ± 15.5 44.7 ± 12.1 39.4 ± 8.5 37.8 ± 7.9 10.5 ± 4.0 2.2, 18.7 2.638 0.015 1.09
Leg lift (kg) 89.7 ± 43.1 147.6 ± 68.3 101.4 ± 28.0 105.3 ± 31.2 54.2 ± 8.5 35.6, 72.9 6.412 0.000 2.75

BMI, body mass index; SAS, Zung's Self-rating Anxiety Scale.