Table 1.

The search formula of PubMed.

Search number	Query
#1	Search: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[MeSH Terms]
#2	Search: (((chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[Title/Abstract]) OR (COPD[Title/Abstract])) OR (ventilatory defect[Title/Abstract])) OR (emphysema[Title/Abstract])
#3	#1 OR #2
#4	Search: immune checkpoint inhibitor[MeSH Terms]
#5	Search: (((((((((((immune checkpoint inhibitor[Title/Abstract]) OR (pembrolizumab[Title/Abstract])) OR (atezolizumab[Title/Abstract])) OR (nivolumab[Title/Abstract])) OR (durvalumab[Title/Abstract])) OR (carrelizumab[Title/Abstract])) OR (toripalimab[Title/Abstract])) OR (sintilimab[Title/Abstract])) OR (tislelizumab[Title/Abstract])) OR (immunity therapy[Title/Abstract])) OR (PD-1[Title/Abstract])) OR (PD-L1[Title/Abstract])
#6	#4 OR #5
#7	Search: (Lung cancer[MeSH Terms]) OR (Lung cancer[Title/Abstract])
#8	#3 AND #6 AND #7