Table 2.
Olfactory dysfunction features of patients
| Olfactory dysfunction outcomes | |
|---|---|
| Duration of OD (mean ± SD (range); mo) | 15.7 ± 7.5 (14.1–17.3) |
| Intervention pre-injection (N (%)) | |
| Olfactory training (12 weeks) | 58 (66.7) |
| Alpha lipoic acid | 16 (18.4) |
| Nasal corticosteroids | 39 (44.8) |
| Oral corticosteroids | 37 (42.5) |
| Vitamin B | 26 (29.9) |
| Vitamin A | 14 (16.1) |
| Omega 3 | 12 (13.8) |
| Zinc | 37 (42.5) |
| SNOT-22 (mean, SD) | 32.5 ± 18.1 |
| ODQ outcomes (mean, SD) | |
| Parosmia statement | 7.8 ± 3.8 |
| Life quality statement | 34.1 ± 13.8 |
| Sincerity statement | 9.1 ± 4.4 |
| ODQ total score | 51.0 ± 18.0 |
| Psychophysical evaluations (mean, SD) | |
| Threshold | 4.3 ± 3.8 |
| Discrimination | 8.5 ± 4.5 |
| Identification | 8.2 ± 4.6 |
| TDI total score | 20.3 ± 10.5 |
| OD types (TDI; N (%)) | |
| Anosmia | 30 (34.5) |
| Hyposmia | 40 (46.0) |
| Normosmia with parosmia | 17 (19.5) |
The results consisted of mean standard ± deviation or number (%)
mo months, OD olfactory dysfunction, ODQ olfactory disorder questionnaire, SNOT-22 sinonasal outcome 22, TDI threshold discrimination identification