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. 2022 Dec 1;13:1086627. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1086627

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Copyright © 2022 Cui, Zhao, Zhang, Lin, Sun, Li, Du, Zhang, Liu, Gao, He, Gao, Guo and Guan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The effect of iORFV on viral aerosol distribution and transmission in hamsters. (A) Schematic map of the preparation of inactivated ORFV. (B) Schematic design of iORFV i.m. treatment for 5 consecutive days after SARS-CoV-2 challenge in hamsters. (C) Hamster-exhaled aerosols were collected and analyzed in a 6-stage Andersen sampler. (D) The particle size distributions of aerosol exhaled in the two groups of hamsters at 2, 3, 5 dpi. (E) Quantity and size distribution of exhaled viral particle-loaded aerosols in SARS-CoV-2-inoculated hamsters at 2, 3, 5 and 7 dpi. The red # indicates that infectious virus was detected in the aerosol sample. (F) SARS-CoV-2 was transmitted from donor to recipient hamsters (aerosol-exposed hamsters) under treatment with either vehicle or iORFV. Nasal washes were collected and analyzed from both donor and recipient hamsters. The lower limit of detection (LLOD) for viral titers is indicated with a black dotted line.