. 2022 Dec 1;9:1032532. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1032532

Table 2.

Influence of feeding an eubiotic blend of essential oils plus 25-hydroxy-vit-D3 on growth-performance of calf-fed Holstein steers.

	Dietary treatments ¹			SEM
	CON	MON, 30 mg/kg	EO+HYD, 200 mg/kg
Weight, kg
Initial	153.8	155.7	156.3	3.3
112 d	326.4	331.2	333.8	5.4
286 d	583.5	595.9	599.4	7.8
Average daily gain (kg)
1–112 d	1.55	1.58	1.59	0.031
112–286 d	1.47	1.51	1.52	0.035
1–286 d	1.50	1.54	1.55	0.021
Dry matter intake (kg/d)
1–112 d	6.66	6.62	6.57	0.137
112-286 d	9.23	9.22	9.30	0.213
1-286 d	8.15	8.13	8.16	0.155
Gain to feed ratio
1–112 d²	0.233^b	0.239^ab	0.244^a	0.003
112-286 d	0.159	0.164	0.163	0.003
1-286 d	0.184	0.190	0.190	0.002
Net energy for maintenance (NEm), Mcal/kg
1–112 d²	2.02^b	2.07^ab	2.10^a	0.021
112-286 d	2.23	2.29	2.29	0.023
1-286 d²	2.19^b	2.26^a	2.26^a	0.020
Net energy for gain (NEg), Mcal/kg
1–112 d²	1.36^b	1.40^ab	1.43^a	0.019
112-286 d	1.55	1.60	1.59	0.020
1-286 d²	1.51^b	1.57^a	1.58^a	0.017
Observed/expected NEm
1–112 d²	0.91^b	0.94^ab	0.95^a	0.009
112-286 d	1.01	1.04	1.04	0.010
1-286 d²	0.99^b	1.02^a	1.02^a	0.009
Observed/Expected NEg
1–112 d²	0.89^b	0.92^ab	0.94^a	0.012
112-286 d	1.01	1.05	1.05	0.013
1-286 d²	0.99^b	1.03^a	1.03^a	0.012

¹ Treatments: CON: control no antibiotic; MON, monensin (Rumensin 80, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) and Crina^® + (D.S.M. Nutritional Products) is a eubiotic blend composed of thymol, eugenol, limonene, and vanillin combined with HyD^® (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) supplemented to provide 200 mg/kg DM Crina^® (dosage 0.1g/kg D.M.) plus HyD^® (dosage 0.1mg/kg D.M.).

² Means in a row with different superscripts differ (P ≤ 0.05).