TABLE 1.
Characteristics of participants.
| Control group (n = 12) |
Probiotic group (n = 12) |
P-value | |
|
| |||
| Maternal characteristics | |||
| Age (year) | 27.33 ± 2.90 | 27.42 ± 3.09 | 0.95 |
| Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 20.38 ± 2.69 | 21.00 ± 2.90 | 0.59 |
| BMI at delivery (kg/m2) | 25.00 ± 2.52 | 25.88 ± 2.86 | 0.43 |
| Gestational days (days) | 278.33 ± 4.68 | 276.00 ± 7.40 | 0.37 |
| Delivery mode | 0.58 | ||
| Vaginal, n | 11 | 9 | |
| Cesarean, n | 1 | 3 | |
| No smoking during pregnancy, n | 12 | 12 | |
| No drinking during pregnancy, n | 12 | 12 | |
| Education level | 0.38 | ||
| High school, n | 2 | 1 | |
| University, n | 10 | 11 | |
|
| |||
| Infant characteristics | |||
|
| |||
| One-minute Apgar score | 9 | 9 | |
| Gender | 0.67 | ||
| Male, n | 5 | 3 | |
| Female, n | 7 | 9 | |
| Weight at birth (kg) | 3.27 ± 0.44 | 3.38 ± 0.48 | 0.54 |
| Length at birth (cm) | 49.92 ± 1.68 | 49.83 ± 1.75 | 0.91 |
| BMI at birth (kg/m2) | 13.05 ± 1.05 | 13.56 ± 1.09 | 0.26 |
| Head circumference (cm) | 36.25 ± 8.18 | 33.83 ± 1.03 | 0.33 |