Table 10.
Association between completing training on the health risks and use of pesticides, and applying preventive measures among pesticide applicators in East Hararge Zone, Oromiya Region, Ethiopia.
| Preventive measures (n = 803) | Options | % | Attended training on the health risks and use of pesticides | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 338) | Yes (n = 465) | Unadjusted PR (95% Cl) | Adjusted PR (95% Cl)† | |||
| Read and follow the label instructions on pesticide containers | Yes | 50.1 | 43.2% | 55.1% | 1.076 (0.902–1.284) | 1.078 (0.964–1.205) |
| No | 49.9 | 56.8% | 44.9% | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Use face mask | Always | 46.7 | 38.8% | 52.5% | 1.119 (1.002–1.250) | 1.119 (1.002–1.250)* |
| Sometimes | 53.3 | 61.2% | 47.5% | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Use respirator | Always | 28.0 | 52.4% | 10.3% | 0.705 (0.575–0.864)*** | 0.705 (0.615–0.807)*** |
| Sometimes | 72.0 | 47.6% | 89.7% | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Use gloves | Always | 48.4 | 58.6% | 41.1% | 0.897 (0.752–1.071) | 0.892 (0.798–0.996)* |
| Sometimes | 51.6 | 41.4% | 58.9% | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Use rubber boots | Always | 32.0 | 52.7% | 17.0% | 0.766 (0.631–0.930)** | 0.764 (0.674–0.867)*** |
| Sometimes | 68.0 | 47.3% | 83.0% | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Use coveralls | Always | 47.7 | 50.9% | 45.4% | 0.966 (0.810–1.154) | 0.961 (0.859–1.076) |
| Sometimes | 52.3 | 49.1% | 54.6% | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Reasons for not using or rarely using preventive measures | Very expensive | 47.9 | 42.3% | 52.0% | 1.062 (0.890–1.267) | 1.058 (0.947–1.184) |
| Unavailable in local marker | 52.1 | 57.7% | 48.0% | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Changing clothes after application | Yes | 53.8 | 59.2% | 49.9% | 0.948 (0.794–1.132) | 0.948 (0.849–1.059) |
| No | 46.2 | 40.8% | 50.1% | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Taking shower immediately after spraying | Always | 52.7 | 57.4% | 49.2% | 0.951 (0.797–1.135) | 0.953 (0.852–1.065) |
| Sometimes | 47.3 | 42.6% | 50.8% | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Visited health facility when experienced a symptom presumably due to pesticide exposure | Yes | 63.8 | 48.2% | 75.1% | 1.202 (1.069–1.353)** | 1.194 (1.060–1.345)** |
| No | 36.2 | 51.8% | 24.9% | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Used home-based care when experienced a symptom presumably due to pesticide exposure | Yes | 42.1 | 53.3% | 34.0% | 0.922 (0.771–1.102) | 0.889 (0.792–0.996)* |
| No | 57.9 | 46.7% | 66.0% | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
†Adjusted for sex, age, marital status, family size, income level, and education level, past and present smoking status, frequency of alcohol consumption, and Khat consumptions; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; PR, Prevalence Ratio.