Table 3.

Challenges and opportunities for intellectual stimulation.

		M	SD	Challenges (−) and Opportunities (+)
Leaders t(20) = 1.56; p = 0.134)	WFH	3.68	1.09	– lack of contact impedes identification of problems “It’s difficult for me to know if my team members have problems or to what extent they make progress with their tasks.” - digital communication impairs creative thinking processes “What is missing is the opportunity to go to the blackboard together and develop something new.” + less contact supports autonomy and interdependence of team members “My team members are more on their own. They are more asked to find solutions and re-consider their working patterns by themselves.”
	Office	4.09	0.81	+ face-to-face interactions with direct feedback support creativity “Creative thinking processes like brainstorming is easier in the office because I get direct feedback from my team members.”
Employees no mean difference	WFH	4.18	0.88	– lack of contact hampers asking questions “My manager is less reachable. I feel more inhibited to call and ask questions compared to the office where we are always in direct contact.” + less contact supports autonomy and interdependence “When working from home I have a lot more freedom. I tend to make my own decisions instead of constantly asking my leader for approval.”
	Office	4.18	1.02	+ social presence makes it easier to ask questions “In the office, I can always ask my leader about anything, because he is in the office right next to me.”