Table 6.

Challenges and opportunities for Awareness – HoL.

		M	SD	Challenges (−) and Opportunities (+)
Leaders t(21) = 5.43; p = 0.000	WFH	2.86	0.94	– lack of information about psychological stressors “I certainly do not know many psychological risk factors of my employees’ health specifically in the working from home context.” - less interaction-time and contact “I barely see my employees and therefore it’s difficult to know their current concerns.” - insecurity regarding the use of digital communication tools “I am unsure if you can have the same awareness through digital communication media. It might also result from a lack of gestures and facial expressions.”
	Office	4.23	0.87	+ more trust “I have the feeling that there is a lack of trust in digital conversations. I think my team members can open up to me better face-to-face.” + easier to detect non-verbal warning signals “Mental health warning signs are easier to detect when you are constantly crossing each other and do not need specific scheduled conversations.” + personal issues are more pleasant to discuss “Personal issues are not so easy to address during working from home. It is more pleasant in the office when you can see each other and also perceive the body language.”
Employees t(17) = 3.05; p = 0.007	WFH	2.17	1.25	– less digital communication and interaction “There is almost no contact when working from home, so my leader does not notice anything.” - communication is rather task-related “When my leader contacts me, it via email or telephone, and it is typically work-related. For example, he even does not ask how I’m doing today.” - experience disclosure barriers “When I work from home, I do not dare to approach my leader with my private concerns and open up. The feeling of an open door is somehow missing over there.”
	Office	2.78	1.17	+ more room for personal concerns and possibilities to express them “I feel more visible to my leader in the office, also because we cross paths, I can just walk in and, we talk more often.”