TABLE 1.

Characteristics of included studies.

Reference	Study design	Sample size	Participants of colchicine group	Participants of control group	Protocol	Type of surgery	Definition of AF	Follow-up
Bessissow et al. (30)	Randomized controlled study	100	49	51	Colchicine 0.6 mg or placebo starting a few hours before surgery. Postoperatively, patients received colchicine 0.6 mg or placebo twice daily for an additional 9 days	Lung resection surgery	symptomatic AF, or that requires treatment, or that lasts for longer than 30 s.	1 month
Deftereos et al. (23)	A randomized double-blind controlled design	161	81	80	A 3-month course of colchicine 0.5 mg twice daily or placebo.	Pulmonary vein isolation	Symptomatic AF or AF of any duration recorded in electrocardiograms and AF of at least 30 s duration in 48-h Holter	3 months
Deftereos et al. (14)	A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial	206	103	103	Colchicine 0.5 mg twice daily or placebo for 3 months, from day 1 (day of ablation procedure)	Pulmonary vein isolation	Not reported	15 months
Egami et al. (33)	Randomized controlled study	62	30	32	0.5 mg/day for 2 weeks from the next day after catheter ablation	Pulmonary vein isolation	AF lasting > 30 sec	2 weeks
Imazio et al. (2)	A multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial	336	169	167	Placebo/colchicine 1.0 mg twice daily starting on postoperative day 3 followed by 0.5 mg twice daily for 1 month in patients ≥ 70 kg, halved doses for patients<70 kg or intolerant to the highest dose	CABG, valve replacement, Aorta surgery or combined surgeries	AF lasting 5 min	1 month
Imazio et al. (25)	Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial	360	180	180	0.5 mg twice daily in patients ≥ 70 kg or 0.5 mg once daily in patients < 70 kg starting between 48 and 72 h before surgery and continued for 1 month after surgery	CABG, valve replacement, Aorta surgery or combined surgeries	AF lasting for more than 30 s	3 months
Sarzaeem et al. (22)	Double-blind, parallel clinical trial	216	108	108	1.0 mg the night before surgery and on the morning of surgery. followed by 0.5 mg twice a day for five days after surgery.	CABG	AF for at least 10 min	6 months
Shvartz et al. (29)	Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial	101	50	51	1 mg of colchicine 24 h before the surgery, as well as on days 2, 3, 4, and 5 in the postoperative period;	CABG and/or aortic valve replacement	At least 5 min	7days
Tabbalat et al. (26)	Multicentre prospective randomized open label study	360	179	181	2mg 12-24 h prior to surgery and 1 mg 4 h before or immediately after surgery and then 0.5 mg twice daily until hospital discharge. Half the dose was given to patients weighing < 70 kg or intolerant to the full dose.	CABG, valve replacement, Aorta surgery or combined surgeries	at least 5 min	Until hospital discharge
Tabbalat et al. (31)	Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study	152	81	71	1-mg dose of colchicine or placebo orally 12 to 24 h before surgery followed by a daily dose of 0.5mg until hospital discharge	CABG ?valve replacement orcombined surgeries	at least 5 min	Until hospital discharge
Hua et al. (32)	Randomized controlled study	80	40	40	A 3-month course of colchicine 0.5 mg twice daily or placebo.	Pulmonary vein isolation	AF lasting > 30 sec	3 months
Zarpelon et al. (27)	Prospective, randomized, open, single-center clinical assay	140	71	69	1 mg, twice daily, preoperatively, and of 0.5 mg, twice daily, until hospital discharge. 1 mg was administered to those admitted 12 h or less before surgery.	Elective myocardial revascularization surgery	At least 5 min	Until hospital discharge

AF, atrial fibrillation, CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting.