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. 2022 Dec 15;58(1):1–11. doi: 10.1007/s13355-022-00810-9

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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

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Fig. 2 — The life cycle of a cockroach through the three stages including (i) egg stage, (ii) nymph or juvenile cockroach, and (iii) adult cockroach