Table 1.
Patient baseline characteristics by history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
| Characteristic | With history of ASCVD (n = 5935) | Without history of ASCVD (n = 7091) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 66.8 ± 8.5 | 63.1 ± 10.0 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 4374 (73.7) | 4714 (66.5) |
| Race, n (%)WhiteBlack/African AmericanAsian | 4407 (74.3)233 (3.9)1002 (16.9) | 4462 (62.9)289 (4.1)1892 (26.7) |
| SBP, mmHg, mean ± SD | 136.7 ± 14.4 | 136.8 ± 14.0 |
| DBP, mmHg, mean ± SD | 75.3 ± 9.8 | 77.22 ± 9.4 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 31.2 ± 5.7 | 31.3 ± 6.2 |
| Duration of diabetes, years, mean ± SD | 16.5 ± 8.9 | 14.5 ± 8.4 |
| HbA1c, %, mean ± SD | 7.7 ± 1.4 | 7.7 ± 1.4 |
| Serum potassium, mEq/L, mean ± SD | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 4.3 ± 0.4 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2, mean ± SD | 53.8 ± 19.6 | 60.7 ± 22.8 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2, n (%) <25 25—<45 45—<60 ≥60 | 79 (1.3)2225 (37.5)1746 (29.4)1883 (31.7) | 83 (1.2)2007 (28.3)1688 (23.8)3312 (46.7) |
| UACR, mg/g, median (IQR) | 456 (152–1094) | 564 (250–1195) |
| UACR, mg/g, n (%) <30 30—<300 ≥300 | 136 (2.3)2143 (36.1)3655 (61.6) | 94 (1.3)1956 (27.6)5037 (71.0) |
| Mean waist—hip ratio, mean ± SD | 1.01 ± 0.11 | 0.99 ± 0.11 |
| Waist circumference, cm, mean ± SD | 107.8 ± 14.7 | 106.4 ± 15.4 |
| hs-CRP, mg/L, mean ± SD | 4.9 ± 9.5 | 4.6 ± 10.1 |
| Heart rate, bpm, mean ± SD | 71.2 ± 11.2 | 74.7 ± 11.4 |
| History of HF, n (%) | 1555 (26.2) | 287 (4.0) |
| History of AF, n (%) | 685 (11.5) | 421 (5.9) |
| History of MI, n (%) | 2017 (34.0) | 5 (<0.1)a |
| History of hypertension, n (%) | 5730 (96.5) | 6836 (96.4) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 876 (14.8) | 1217 (17.2) |
| Medication use at baseline, n (%)RAAS inhibitorsBeta-blockersDiureticsLoop diureticsThiazide diureticsAngiotensin receptor—neprilysin inhibitorsAspirinPlatelet aggregation inhibitorsbStatinsPotassium supplementsPotassium-lowering agentsAnti-hyperglycemic therapiesInsulin and analoguesMetforminSulfonylureasDPP-4 inhibitorsGLP-1RAsSGLT-2 inhibitorsAlpha glucosidase inhibitors | 5923 (99.8)3854 (64.9)3299 (55.6)1583 (26.7)1377 (23.3)03823 (64.4)4539 (76.5)4809 (81.0)215 (3.6)86 (1.4)5802 (97.8)3736 (62.9)3193 (53.8)1425 (24.0)1381 (23.3)405 (6.8)405 (6.8)284 (4.8) | 7080 (99.8)2650 (37.4)3411 (48.1)1220 (17.2)1775 (25.0)02532 (35.7)2762 (39.0)4590 (64.7)170 (2.4)96 (1.4)6918 (97.6)3894 (54.9)4364 (61.5)1964 (27.7)1897 (26.8)539 (7.6)472 (6.7)372 (5.2) |
ASCVD history (yes/no) was determined by pre-specified medical loglines of carotid endarterectomy, coronary artery disease, MI, ischaemic stroke, and peripheral arterial occlusive disease. History of MI was determined by medical history that may not have had a conclusive diagnosis for ASCVD conditions.
bExcluding heparin.
AF, atrial fibrillation; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; bpm, beats per minute; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GLP-1RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HF, heart failure; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IQR, interquartile range; MI, myocardial infarction; RAAS, renin—angiotensin—aldosterone system; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; SGLT-2, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2; UACR, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio.