Table 2. Overview of Various Synthetic Routes (Microwave, Electrochemical, Solvothermal, Hydrothermal, Mechanochemical, and Sonochemical) for the Preparation of MOFs.

method	MOFs	metal salt	organic ligand	reaction conditions	ref
microwave-assisted method	MIL-100(Fe)	FeCl3·6H2O	H3BTC		(66)
	Fe-MIL-53	FeCl3·6H2O	H2BDC	80 W, 5 min at 50 °C	(67)
	Hf-UiO-66 and Zr-UiO-66	HfCl4 and ZrCl4	H2BDC	90 W, 3 min	(68)
electrochemical method	MOF-199	Cu electrode	H3BTC	electrolyte: TBATFB, 12 V for 1.5 h	(71)
	Al-MIL-100	Al(NO3)3·9H2O	H3BTC	electrolyte: KCl, 50 mA, 333.15 K	(72)
solvothermal method	Eu–MOF	Eu (NO3)3 ·6H2O	H3TATAB	72 h at 120 °C	(75)
	MOF-5	Zn(NO3)2·6H2O	H2BDC	4 h at 120 °C	(76)
hydrothermal method	NH2-UiO-66	ZrCl4	2-amino terephthalic acid	24 h at 120 °C	(77)
	Cr-MIL-101	Cr(NO3)3·9H2O	H2BDC	8 h at 220 °C	(78)
mechanochemical method	MOF-74	Mg(NO3)2·6H2O	H4dobdc	5 min	(81)
	MIL-78	yttrium hydride	trimesic acid		(82)
sonochemical method	MOF Zr–fum	ZrOCl2·8H2O	fumaric acid	30 min	(85)
	[Zn2(oba)2(bpy)]	Zn(NO3)2·6H2O	H2oba, bpy	60 min	(86)