Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of the variables used in the change analysis.
| Big-box grocery stores |
Mid/high-end grocery stores |
Dollar stores |
Local stores |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | |
| Store characteristics | ||||||||
| Employee size | 251 | 121 | 120 | 85 | 10 | 11 | 15 | 35 |
| Sales volume | 39748 | 19178 | 26795 | 19656 | 1319 | 706 | 6696 | 19156 |
| Local characteristics of store locations | ||||||||
| Number of stores in urban areas | 3 | 45 | 43 | 84 | ||||
| Number of stores in suburban areas | 12 | 42 | 59 | 98 | ||||
| Number of stores in rural areas | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | ||||
| Job density | 3.40 | 3.00 | 5.30 | 6.58 | 3.25 | 7.56 | 3.80 | 6.52 |
| Percent low-wage workers | 39% | 12% | 34% | 13% | 35% | 16% | 33% | 16% |
| Road density | 11.90 | 3.72 | 14.43 | 6.37 | 14.77 | 6.26 | 15.70 | 6.13 |
| Multimodal road density | 2.37 | 1.48 | 2.91 | 1.61 | 2.61 | 1.66 | 2.79 | 1.90 |
| 4-way intersection density | 2.87 | 2.13 | 5.70 | 7.73 | 6.39 | 9.39 | 8.31 | 12.91 |
| Population density | 153 | 121 | 260 | 309 | 276 | 215 | 309 | 217 |
| Average weekly visitors | ||||||||
| Pre-lockdown | 1040 | 262 | 344 | 253 | 80 | 48 | 47 | 48 |
| Lockdown | 759 | 203 | 254 | 203 | 55 | 34 | 32 | 36 |
| Initial reopening | 835 | 231 | 264 | 226 | 59 | 36 | 33 | 35 |
| Change in average weekly visitors | ||||||||
| Lockdown vs. pre-lockdown | −281 | 101 | −90 | 86 | −25 | 24 | −14 | 20 |
| Reopening vs. pre-lockdown | −205 | 94 | −80 | 79 | −21 | 21 | −14 | 20 |
| Average trip length (minutes) | ||||||||
| Pre-lockdown | 27 | 2 | 24 | 2 | 24 | 2 | 24 | 4 |
| Lockdown | 23 | 3 | 23 | 3 | 23 | 3 | 24 | 5 |
| Initial reopening | 24 | 3 | 23 | 4 | 23 | 4 | 23 | 4 |
| Household income less than $50k | ||||||||
| Pre-lockdown | 50.8% | 8.0% | 47.6% | 10.4% | 56.4% | 10.6% | 54.2% | 12.7% |
| Lockdown | 52.6% | 7.3% | 48.8% | 9.7% | 57.6% | 10.4% | 55.1% | 13.8% |
| Initial reopening | 52.2% | 7.7% | 48.5% | 10.4% | 57.4% | 11.7% | 55.2% | 14.0% |
| Percentage of white travelers | ||||||||
| Pre-lockdown | 70.3% | 8.9% | 73.7% | 10.3% | 62.9% | 14.0% | 65.8% | 16.5% |
| Lockdown | 68.1% | 9.3% | 72.2% | 11.0% | 61.7% | 14.0% | 65.6% | 17.0% |
| Initial reopening | 68.8% | 9.5% | 72.6% | 11.5% | 61.9% | 15.2% | 65.7% | 16.7% |
| Percentage of travelers with no high school or high school degree | ||||||||
| Pre-lockdown | 43.0% | 9.7% | 38.7% | 10.8% | 49.3% | 10.9% | 45.2% | 12.2% |
| Lockdown | 43.9% | 9.4% | 39.5% | 10.2% | 49.9% | 10.4% | 46.2% | 13.6% |
| Initial reopening | 43.0% | 9.9% | 39.3% | 10.5% | 50.1% | 11.4% | 46.6% | 13.5% |