Table 2.
Determinants of quality of life
| Independent variables | Outcome measure: quality of life |
|---|---|
| Absence of at least one natural tooth (Refence category: Presence of all natural teeth) | − 0.22*** (0.05) |
| Age in years | − 0.00* (0.00) |
| Gender: Female (Reference category: Male) | 0.52*** (0.04) |
| Marital status: married and living together with spouse; registered partnership (Reference category: Other†) | 0.55*** (0.05) |
| Household net income (per year) in 1000 Euro | 0.00* (0.00) |
| Education | |
| Medium educational level (Reference category: low educational level) | 1.26*** (0.05) |
| High educational level | 1.41*** (0.06) |
| Currently smoking (Reference category: yes) | 0.13*** (0.01) |
| Functional impairment | − 1.20*** (0.07) |
| Self-rated health (from 1 = “excellent” to 5 = “poor”) | − 1.54*** (0.02) |
| Depressive symptoms | − 1.12*** (0.01) |
| Chronic conditions | − 0.08*** (0.02) |
| Constant | 43.91*** (0.20) |
| Observations | 59,058 |
| R2 | 0.41 |
Findings of multiple linear regressions (with presence of all natural teeth as key independent variable; among individuals with at least one missing natural tooth)
Beta-coefficients (unstandardized) were reported; robust standard errors in parentheses; ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05; + p < 0.10
†Other including: Married, living separated from spouse; never married; divorced; widowed
Functional impairment: from 0 to 3, higher values reflect more difficulties
Depressive symptoms: from 0 to 12, higher values reflect more depressive symptoms
Chronic conditions: count score from 0 to 10, with higher values reflecting more chronic conditions