Table 3.
Summary of characteristics and findings of review studies
| Publication date/ Ref | Date | Type of review | Number of included studies |
Key findings (factors associated with maternal death) |
Quality of studiesa | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Did the review address a clearly focused issue? | Did the authors look for the appropriate sort of papers? | Do you think the important, relevant studies were included? | Did the reviews authors do enough to assess the quality of the included studies? | If the results of the review have been combined, was it reasonable to do so? | What is the overall result of the review? | How precise are the results? | Can the results be applied to the local population? | Were all important outcomes considered? | Are the benefits worth the harms and costs? | |||||
| 1.2020 [150] | 2005–2015 | SR | 25 | Low socio-economic status family, rural and remote areas, teenagers and unmarried women, perceptions related to pregnancy, delivery and death, perception related to family planning, practice related to pregnancy and delivery, gender inequity, perception related to midwife performance and health services | Y | Y | CT | Y | Y | N | Y | CT | Y | Y |
| 2.2019 [151] | - | SR | 29 | Preterm of gestational age, obesity, quality of care, immune pregnancy ratio, human development index, gender inequality in education, access to improved water source, fertility rate | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y |
| 3.2019 [152] | 2007–2019 | SR | 7 | Age, parity, domestic violence, inadequate antenatal care, place of delivery, education, healthcare provider qualification, delays in arrival at health facilities, unemployment, socioeconomic status, no antenatal care, having been referred, distance to health facilities, social autonomy, media exposure, family planning, nutrition, religion, ethnicity, wealth index, water quality, sanitation and hygiene | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y |
| 4. 2018 [13] | since 2000 | SR | 33 | Parity, education, fertility level, maternal age at birth, status of women, income/poverty, access to electricity or access to improved water sources and sanitation | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | CT | Y |
| 5. 2016 [14] | - | SR | 62 | harmful traditional beliefs and practices; early marriage, high parity and female illiteracy | Y | Y | Y | Y | CT | Y | CT | Y | CT | CT |
| 6. 2014 [15] | Since 1980 | SR | 14 | water and sanitation system | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| 7. 2017 [153] | - | NR | 38 | Factors including education, sociocultural practices (e.g. criminalization of marriage blow 18, and Promoting women’s rights), social services (e.g. Improved health care access and quality), and health care (access, utilization, and quality), and income or employment | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y |
| 8. 2015 [154] | NR | - | Economic growth, Poverty, Inequality, Local infrastructure, education, Access to public health information, Fertility rates, Average age of first pregnancies, Urbanization, Women’s empowerment, income, living condition, Affordability of services, health status, Age & age of first pregnancy, birth spacing, previous fetal loss, urban location, and proximity to services at the community or social and individual levels, access to family planning, antenatal support, delivery & post birth care, and quality of services, and demand of this services | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | CT | Y | Y | |
| 9. 2006 [155] | 1975–2001 | NR | 9 | Mode of delivery may not associated with maternal mortality | Y | Y | C | N | CT | Y | N | CT | Y | CT |
| 10. 1998 [12] | in 1996 | NR | - | Wife seclusion, Age, universal female illiteracy, harmful traditional medical beliefs and practice, inadequate facilities to deal with obstetric emergencies, a deteriorating economy & policy | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y | N | Y | CT | CT |
| 11. 1992 [10] | in1992 | NR | - | Distant determinants (education, occupation, income, social and legal autonomy, wealth and community resources), and intermediate determinants (use of family planning, use of prenatal care, use of modern care for labor and delivery, use of harmful traditional practices, use of illicit) and induced abortion, location of services, range of services available, quality of care, access to information about services, age, parity, marital status, nutritional status, infections and parasitic disease, and prior history of pregnancy complications | Y | Y | N | N | CT | Y | N | Y | CT | CT |
| 12. 1991 [6] | 1980–1990 | NR | - | Poor sanitation, lack of clean water, poor transportation, lack of medical facilities, malnutrition, poverty, increased work load, frequent pregnancy, low status of women, early marriage, lack of legal abortion, & no acceptance of contraception | Y | Y | CT | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | CT |
SR Systematic Review, NR Narrative Review, Y Yes, N No, CT Can’t Tell
aGlasgow university critical appraisal checklist [41] was used for quality assessment of these review articles