Table 1.
Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid production rate in different species
| Species | Type of methods | Site of CSF collection | Rate of CSF production | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human | ||||
| Roentgenographic method | Both lateral ventricles | 71 μL/min | Deck and Potts [42] | |
| Indirect perfusion method (children) | All ventricles (lumbar subarachnoid) | 370 μL/min | Rubin et al. [75] | |
| Indirect perfusion method (children) | All ventricles (lumbar subarachnoid) | 350 μL/min | Cutler et al. [77] | |
| Direct method (CSF withdrawn) | All ventricles (lumbar subarachnoid) | 319 μL/min | Masserman [84] | |
| MRI | Both lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle | 300 μL/min | Huang et al. [104] | |
| MRI | Both lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle | 600 μL/min | Piechnik et al. [105] | |
| MRI | Both lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle | 1200 μL/min | Penn et al. [106] | |
| MRI | Both lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle | 680 μL/min | Gideon et al. [107] | |
| MRI | Both lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle | 740 μL/min | Yoshida et al. [108] | |
| ASL-MRI (Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging) | Both lateral ventricles | 2.7 μL/min | Evans et al. [130] | |
| Calf | ||||
| Indirect perfusion method | All ventricles | 290 μL/min | Calhoun et al. [199] | |
| Sheep | ||||
| Extracorporeal perfusion of Choroid Plexus | Choroid Plexus of later ventricle | 0.13 μL/min/mg (Relation to wt. choroid plexus) | Pollay et al. [39] | |
| Goat | ||||
| Indirect perfusion method | All ventricles | 150 μL/min | Pappenheimer et al.[40] | |
| Indirect perfusion method | All ventricles | 160 μL/min | Heisey et al. [59] | |
| Indirect perfusion method | All ventricles | 181.35 μL/min | Pollay and Curl [37] | |
| Dog | ||||
| Roentgenographic method | Both lateral ventricles | 4 ~ 7 μL/min | Potts and Bergland [43] | |
| Indirect perfusion method | All ventricles | 65 μL/min | Sato et al. [147] | |
| Indirect perfusion method | All ventricles | 53 μL/min | Oppelt ea al. [200] | |
| Indirect perfusion method | All ventricles | 46.7 μL/min | Vela AR et al. [60] | |
| Direct method | All ventricles | 30 μL/min | Riser [79] | |
| Direct method | All ventricles | 50 μL/min | Bering [148] | |
| Cat | ||||
| Indirect perfusion method | All ventricles | 15 μL/min | Oreskovic [149] | |
| Direct perfusion method | Both lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle | 12.1 μL/min | Flexner and Winters [80] | |
| Rabbit | ||||
| Comparison of relative cell volumes between the vein of choroid plexus and aorta | Choroid Plexus of both later ventricles and 4th ventricle | 0.37 μL/min/mg (Relation to wt. choroid plexus) | Welch [35] | |
| Indirect perfusion method | All ventricles | 12.67 μL/min | Pollay and Curl [37] | |
| Indirect perfusion method | All ventricles | 12.1 μL/min | Pollay [201] | |
| Rat | ||||
| Indirect perfusion method | All ventricles | 3.38 μL/min | Chodobski et al. [150] | |
| Direct perfusion method | Both lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle | 0.39–1.40 μL/min | Kaimy et al. [82] | |
| Mouse | ||||
| Indirect perfusion method | All ventricles | 0.325 μL/min | Rudick et al. [151] | |
| Direct perfusion method | Both lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle | 0.090 μL/min | Liu et al. [66] | |
| Shark | ||||
| Dogfish | Indirect perfusion method | All ventricles | 4 μL/min | Oppelt et al. [146] |
| Nurse sharks | Indirect perfusion method | All ventricles | 5 μL/min | Oppelt et al. [146] |
| Lemon sharks | Indirect perfusion method | All ventricles | 4 μL/min | Oppelt et al. [146] |