Table 4.
Associations between recommendation and overall guideline adherence over time and ASQ scores over time among infants in the questionnaire sample
| Number of times a recommendation or the overall guidelines is met across the three time points | Communication | Fine motor | Gross motor | Personal-social | Problem solving | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (95%CI) | P value | B (95%CI) | P value | B (95%CI) | P value | B (95%CI) | P value | B (95%CI) | P value | B (95%CI) | P value | |
| Physical activity recommendation | ||||||||||||
| Tummy time [actual range: 0–3] | 0.24 (-0.65,1.13) | 0.596 | 0.94 (-0.12,2.00) | 0.082 | 2.19 (1.29,3.10) | < 0.001 | 1.11 (0.17,2.05) | 0.020 | 0.81 (-0.28,1.91) | 0.145 | 5.63 (1.83,9.43) | 0.004 |
| Sedentary behaviour recommendation | ||||||||||||
| Screen time [actual range: 0–3] | -0.13 (-0.85,0.58) | 0.713 | 0.57 (-0.29,1.42) | 0.195 | 0.12 (-0.64,0.88) | 0.758 | 0.40 (-0.37,1.16) | 0.307 | 0.42 (-0.46,1.31) | 0.348 | 1.50 (-1.61,4.61) | 0.344 |
| Reading time [actual range:0–3] | 0.59 (-0.38,1.55) | 0.234 | 1.23 (0.08,2.39) | 0.036 | 1.47 (0.46,2.49) | 0.005 | 1.38 (0.36,2.39) | 0.008 | 1.60 (0.42,2.78) | 0.008 | 6.45 (2.31,10.58) | 0.002 |
| Sedentary behaviour definition 1 [actual range:0–3] | 0.03 (-0.69,0.76) | 0.932 | 0.50 (-0.37,1.36) | 0.261 | 0.48 (-0.28,1.25) | 0.215 | 0.52 (-0.25,1.28) | 0.185 | 0.62 (-0.27,1.51) | 0.172 | 2.30 (-0.83,5.42) | 0.149 |
| Sleep recommendation | ||||||||||||
| Sleep time [actual range: 0–3] | -0.73 (-1.63,0.16) | 0.106 | -1.01 (-2.08,0.07) | 0.066 | -0.96 (-1.91,-0.01) | 0.049 | -0.27 (-1.23,0.69) | 0.579 | -0.62 (-1.73,0.49) | 0.272 | -3.96 (-7.83,-0.08) | 0.045 |
| Overall Guidelines | ||||||||||||
| Physical activity + sedentary behaviour definition 1 + sleep [actual range: 0–3] | -0.17 (-1.18,0.84) | 0.744 | 0.64 (-0.57,1.85) | 0.297 | 0.88 (-0.19,1.95) | 0.105 | 0.97 (-0.09,2.04) | 0.074 | 0.87 (-0.37,2.11) | 0.170 | 3.44 (-0.92,7.81) | 0.122 |
| Total number of recommendations | ||||||||||||
| Physical activity + sedentary behaviour definition 1 + sleep [actual range: 2–9] | -0.12 (-0.59,0.34) | 0.607 | 0.19 (-0.37,0.75) | 0.498 | 0.54 (0.05,1.03) | 0.032 | 0.46 (-0.04,0.95) | 0.069 | 0.31 (-0.26,0.89) | 0.286 | 1.44 (-0.58,3.46) | 0.162 |
Sedentary behaviour definition 1: screen time + reading time
Bold fonts indicate p < 0.05
Participants who had observations for all variables of interest were included in the analyses. In all models, time was included as a repeated and fixed effect and covariates (Baseline: infant sex, infant race/ethnicity, number of siblings, parental marital status, parental education, parental country of birth; Time varying: non-parental care time, parental age) were included as fixed effects
B Unstandardized beta coefficient, CI Confidence interval