Table 6.
Associations between recommendation adherence and overall guideline adherence over time and milestone age outcomes among infants in the questionnaire sample
| Number of times a recommendation or the overall guidelines is met across the three time points | Independent sitting (days; n = 202) | Crawling (days; n = 203) | Assisted standing (days; n = 205) | Assisted walking (days; n = 205) | Independent standing (days; n = 206) | Independent walking (days; n = 216) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (95%CI) | P value | B (95%CI) | Pvalue | B (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | B (95%CI) | P value | B (95%CI) | P value | |
| Physical activity recommendation | ||||||||||||
| Tummy time [actual range: 0–3] | -5.33 (-9.45,-1.21) | 0.011 | -11.19 (-17.83,-4.56) | 0.001 | -5.31 (-11.89,1.28) | 0.113 | -6.16 (-13.78,1.76) | 0.112 | -10.59 (-19.14,-2.04) | 0.015 | -8.76 (-17.81,0.29) | 0.058 |
| Sedentary behaviour recommendations | ||||||||||||
| Screen time [actual range: 0–3] | 0.09 (-3.47,3.65) | 0.959 | 1.84 (-3.74,7.42) | 0.516 | 1.54 (-3.95,7.02) | 0.581 | 2.73 (-3.49,8.94) | 0.388 | 3.59 (-3.52,10.70) | 0.321 | 0.07 (-7.51,7.65) | 0.986 |
| Reading time [actual range:0–3] | 0.47 (-4.79,5.74) | 0.860 | -2.00 (-10.29,6.30) | 0.636 | -2.82 (-10.87,5.23) | 0.491 | -4.53 (-13.69,4.63) | 0.331 | -3.56 (-13.71,6.59) | 0.490 | 1.23 (-9.46,11.92) | 0.821 |
| Sedentary behaviour definition 1 [actual range:0–3] | -0.28 (-3.96,3.39) | 0.879 | 2.17 (-3.50,7.84) | 0.451 | 1.03 (-4.63,6.69) | 0.721 | 0.78 (-5.61,7.17) | 0.810 | 3.49 (-3.76,10.74) | 0.344 | 3.08 (-4.63,10.79) | 0.432 |
| Sleep recommendation | ||||||||||||
| Sleep time [actual range: 0–3] | 2.54 (-1.94,7.01) | 0.265 | 1.13 (-6.17,8.44) | 0.760 | 1.85 (-5.11,8.81) | 0.600 | 1.80 (-6.37,9.96) | 0.664 | 4.35 (-4.89,13.58) | 0.354 | 5.07 (-4.52,14.65) | 0.298 |
| Overall guidelines | ||||||||||||
| Physical activity + Sedentary behaviour definition 1 + sleep [actual range: 0–3] | -1.19 (-6.27,3.89) | 0.645 | 1.85 (-6.19,9.88) | 0.651 | -1.64 (-9.70,6.42) | 0.688 | 0.81 (-8.23,9.85) | 0.861 | 2.28 (-7.89,12.44) | 0.659 | 3.14 (-7.73,14.00) | 0.570 |
| Total number of recommendations | ||||||||||||
| Physical activity + sedentary behaviour definition 1 + sleep [actual range: 2–9] | -1.06 (-3.37,1.24) | 0.364 | -2.06 (-5.73,1.62) | 0.271 | -0.68 (-4.35,2.99) | 0.714 | -1.01 (-5.16,3.14) | 0.631 | -0.52 (-5.19,4.16) | 0.827 | 0.03 (-4.91,4.98) | 0.989 |
Sedentary behaviour definition 1: screen time + reading time
Bold fonts indicate p < 0.05
Participants who had observations for all variables of interest were included in the analyses. Covariates (Baseline: child sex, race/ethnicity, the number of siblings, parental age, parental marital status, parental education, parental country of birth; Average across time points: non-parental care time) were included in all models
B Unstandardized beta coefficient, CI Confidence interval