Table 7.
Associations between recommendation and overall guideline adherence over time and AIMS outcomes among infants in the time-use diary sub-sample
| Number of times a recommendation or the overall guidelines is met across the three time points | AIMS prone | AIMS supine | AIMS sit | AIMS standa | AIMS total | AIMS percentile | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (95%CI) | P value | B (95%CI) | P value | B (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | B (95%CI) | P value | B (95%CI) | P value | |
| Physical activity recommendation | ||||||||||||
| Tummy time [actual range: 0–3] | 0.64 (-0.08,1.36) | 0.083 | 0.29 (0.02,0.59) | 0.048 | -0.18 (-0.72,0.36) | 0.503 | 1.37 (0.79,2.40) | 0.266 | 0.83 (-0.57,2.21) | 0.238 | 6.09 (-0.63,12.82) | 0.075 |
| Sedentary behaviour recommendations | ||||||||||||
| Screen time [actual range: 0–3] | 0.79 (0.03,1.56) | 0.046 | 0.25 (-0.07,0.57) | 0.117 | -0.12 (-0.70,0.47) | 0.687 | 1.21 (0.69,2.14) | 0.508 | 0.98 (-0.51,2.47) | 0.196 | 5.38 (-1.94,12.70) | 0.148 |
| Reading time [actual range:0–3] | -0.05 (-0.59,0.50) | 0.869 | 0.06 (-0.16,0.28) | 0.574 | 0.19 (-0.21,0.59) | 0.358 | 1.32 (0.88,1.98) | 0.183 | 0.26 (-0.77,1.30) | 0.614 | 0.93 (-4.16,6.01) | 0.718 |
| Restrained time bouts [actual range: 0–3] | 0.32 (-0.42,1.05) | 0.388 | -0.06 (-0.36,0.24) | 0.712 | 0.39 (-0.15,0.92) | 0.153 | 1.54 (0.88,2.70) | 0.131 | 0.74 (-0.65,2.12) | 0.293 | 2.94 (-3.90,9.77) | 0.395 |
| Sedentary behaviour 1 [actual range:0–3] | 0.32 (-0.27,0.90) | 0.281 | 0.20 (-0.04,0.43) | 0.100 | 0.15 (-0.28,0.59) | 0.479 | 1.32 (0.85,2.06) | 0.213 | 0.73 (-0.37,1.83) | 0.191 | 3.61 (-1.81,9.03) | 0.189 |
| Sedentary behaviour 2 [actual range: 0–3] | 0.54 (-0.39,1.46) | 0.252 | 0.15 (-0.23,0.53) | 0.423 | 0.12 (-0.57,0.81) | 0.734 | 1.98 (0.90,4.34) | 0.089 | 0.94 (-0.82,2.70) | 0.292 | 3.67 (-5.02,12.34) | 0.403 |
| Sleep recommendation | ||||||||||||
| Sleep time [actual range: 0–3] | 0.62 (-0.18,1.42) | 0.125 | 0.29 (-0.04,0.62) | 0.079 | 0.27 (-0.33,0.86) | 0.373 | 1.31 (0.73,2.34) | 0.371 | 1.20 (-0.32,2.72) | 0.121 | 4.35 (-3.18,11.88) | 0.254 |
| Overall guidelines | ||||||||||||
| Physical activity + sedentary behaviour definition 1 + sleep [actual range: 0–3] | 1.52 (0.56,2.48) | 0.002 | 0.55 (0.16,0.95) | 0.007 | 0.12 (-0.63,0.87) | 0.757 | 2.85 (1.10,7.40) | 0.0e31 | 2.36 (0.50,4.22) | 0.014 | 12.28 (3.17,21.40) | 0.009 |
| Physical activity + sedentary behaviour definition 2 + sleep [actual range: 0–2] | 2.13 (0.48,3.78) | 0.012 | 0.75 (0.07,1.43) | 0.031 | 0.39 (-0.87,1.66) | 0.540 | 3.13 (0.70,13.89) | 0.134 | 3.45 (0.28,6.63) | 0.033 | 16.67 (1.03,32.30) | 0.037 |
| Total number of recommendations | ||||||||||||
| Physical activity + sedentary behaviour definition 1 + sleep [actual range: 1–8] | 0.54 (0.14,0.94) | 0.009 | 0.28 (0.12,0.44) | < 0.001 | 0.09 (-0.22,0.40) | 0.559 | 1.40 (1.01,1.97) | 0.050 | 0.97 (0.20,1.74) | 0.014 | 5.02 (1.25,8.79) | 0.010 |
| Physical activity + sedentary behaviour definition 2 + sleep [actual range: 1–7] | 0.60 (0.14,1.05) | 0.011 | 0.26 (0.07,0.44) | 0.007 | 0.04 (-0.31,0.39) | 0.805 | 1.48 (1.01,2.19) | 0.042 | 0.97 (0.09,1.85) | 0.031 | 4.86 (0.55,9.17) | 0.028 |
Sedentary behaviour definition 1: screen time + reading time
Sedentary behaviour definition 2: screen time + reading time + restrained time bouts
Bold fonts indicate p < 0.05
Participants who had observations for all variables of interest were included in the analyses. Covariates (AIMS assessment: infant age; Baseline: infant sex, infant race/ethnicity, number of siblings, parental age, parental marital status, parental education, parental country of birth; Average across time points: non-parental care time) were included in all models. One participant had missing data on AIMS
Mean imputations were conducted for 6 missing data on average non-parental care time
B Unstandardized beta coefficient, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, AIMS Alberta Infant Motor Scale
aDue to distribution, AIMS stand was dichotomised as a dummy variable (value = 0 reference]: score = 2; value = 1: score > 2)