Table 1.

Values of parameters used for calculating health risk assessment through oral and dermal exposures.

Parameters	Units	Children	Adult	Reference
Ingestion Rate (IR)	L/day	0.64	2	Xiao et al., 2019
Exposure Frequency (EF)	days/year	365		Subba Rao et al., 2019
Exposure Duration (ED)	years	6	70	USEPA, 2011
Body Weight (BW)	kg	20	70	Tokatli and Ustaoğlu, 2020
Averaging Time (AT)	days	2190	25550	Jehan et al., 2020
Skin Area (SA)	cm²	6600	18000	Tokatli and Ustaoğlu, 2020
Permeability Coefficient (Kp)	cm/h	0.002 for Cr and 0.001 for other metals		Qu et al., 2018
Exposure Time (ET)	h/day	1	0.58	Naz et al., 2016
Conversion Factor (CF)	L/cm³	0.001		Tokatli and Ustaoğlu, 2020
Reference dose (RfD)	(μg/kg/day)	Ingestion: 0.3 for As, 1.4 for Pb, 0.5 for Cd, 40 for Cu, 300 for Zn, 300 for Fe, 3 for Cr		Wu et al., 2009
Reference dose (RfD)	(μg/kg/day)	Dermal absorption: 0.123 for As, 0.42 for Pb, 0.005 for Cd, 12 for Cu, 60 for Zn, 45 for Fe, 0.015 for Cr		Wu et al., 2009