Table 1.

Summary of prior reported and present cases of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors

First author, publication year [reference]	Narumi Y, 2018 [5]	Shimada T, 2020 [6]	Nasralla S, 2020 [7]	Weiss D, 2021 [8]	Khimani K, 2022 [9]	Present case
Age (years), sex	75, male	63, female	30, female	81, female	57, male	62, male
Country	Japan	Japan	USA	Germany	USA	Japan
Primary cancer	Lung squamous cell carcinoma	Lung adenocarcinoma	Hodgkin lymphoma	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma, lung metastasis	Uveal melanoma	Lung adenocarcinoma
ICI (number of cycles)	Nivolumab (1)	Pembrolizumab (1)	Nivolumab (3)	Nivolumab (10)	Nivolumab (9) Ipilimumab (3)	Pembrolizumab (8)
Clinical subtype	Myelitis	Myelitis	Myelitis, optic neuritis	Myelitis	Optic neuritis	Diencephalic, myelitis, optic neuritis
Onset from the onset of ICI	2 months	2 weeks	8 weeks	11 months	7 months	5 months
Cerebrospinal fluid	Cells 1195/μL, protein 380.9 mg/dL	Cells 9/μL, protein 48 mg/dL	Cells 345/μL, protein 516 mg/dL	Cell 65/μL protein 63 mg/dL	Not done	Cells 7/μL, protein 109 mg/dL
Anti-AQP4 antibody	+	+	–	+	+	+
Anti-MOG antibody	–	–	–	–	–	–
Treatment	Discontinued ICI, steroid pulse therapy, plasmapheresis	Discontinued ICI, IV methylprednisolone, oral prednisone, plasma exchange	Discontinued ICI, IV methylprednisolone, oral prednisone, rituximab	Discontinue ICI, iv methylprednisolone, plasma exchange	Discontinued ICI, IV methylprednisolone, oral prednisone, rituximab	Discontinued ICI, IV dexamethasone
Outcome	Partial recovery	Partial recovery	Partial recovery	Died	Partial recovery	Partial recovery

Abbreviations: ICI Immune checkpoint inhibitor, IV Intravenous