Figure 5.

Influenza induces epithelial cell death in vitro. (A) Bright field microscopy of Beas2B cells treated with influenza (1.25 × 10⁴ PFU, 72 h), 20× magnification. Scale bar, 100 μm. (B) Cytotoxicity assay of cell culture (Beas2B) media after influenza infection. Data are mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 by ANOVA. (C) Increased viral-induced cytopathic effect on Beas2B cells in a dose-dependent manner after influenza infection. Data are mean ± SEM. (D) Immunoblot analysis for PARP, cleaved PARP, caspase 3, cleaved caspase 3, RIPK3, phospho RIPK3, and MLKL in Beas2B cells 48 hours after treatment with influenza. Results are representative of three or more independent experiments.