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. 2022 Dec 1;13:1050183. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050183

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Copyright © 2022 Dominelli, Zingaropoli, Tartaglia, Tortellini, Guardiani, Perri, Pasculli, Ciccone, Malimpensa, Baione, Napoli, Gaeta, Lichtner, Conte, Mastroianni and Ciardi

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Longitudinal evaluation of humoral and specific T-cell response pwMS subgroups and HD. (A) The longitudinal evaluation of anti-S antibody titers between T0 and T1 in the depleting/sequestering-out and in the enriching-in subgroups compared to HD. (B) The evaluation of responding CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in pwMS subgroups. (C) The evaluation of triple-positive CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in the depleting/sequestering-out and in the enriching-in subgroups. (D) The longitudinal evaluation of plasma levels APRIL, BAFF and CD40L. APRIL, A-proliferation inducing ligand; BAFF, B-cell activating factor; CD40L, CD40 ligand; pwMS, people with multiple sclerosis; HD, healthy donors; T0, before third dose of vaccine; T1, after two months from third dose of vaccine. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.