Table 1.
Increase in psychological distress during the pandemic over the highest level of distress pre-pandemic.
| Individual characteristics | Increase above T1 |
X2 |
p-value |
Adjusted odd ratio |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | se | OR | 95% CI | |||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 17.7 | 2.3 | 4.45 | 0.035 | 1.87 | (1.1,3.1) |
| Male | 10.6 | 2.2 | Reference | |||
| Age | ||||||
| Ages 20–39 | 20.8 | 4.6 | 10.99 | 0.004 | 2.4 | (1.4,4.2) |
| Ages 40–59 | 14.4 | 2.0 | 1.7 | (1.0,2.8) | ||
| Ages 60 and up | 8.7 | 1.3 | Reference | |||
| Race-ethnicity | ||||||
| Hispanic | 25.2 | 6.5 | 12.49 | 0.006 | 1.9 | (0.9,4.0) |
| NH-black | 11.5 | 3.2 | 0.8 | (0.4,1.6) | ||
| NH-other | 14.5 | 4.9 | 1.0 | (0.4,2.4) | ||
| NH-white | 11.8 | 1.4 | Reference | |||
| Income | ||||||
| ≤ $35 K | 15.4 | 2.6 | 3.09 | 0.378 | 1.4 | (0.7,3.0) |
| $35 K-$60 K | 18.2 | 3.9 | 2.2 | (1.0,4.6) | ||
| $60 K-$99 K | 14.9 | 4.3 | 1.4 | (0.7,3.0) | ||
| ≥ $100 K | 10.2 | 2.4 | Reference | |||
| Census region | ||||||
| South | 10.0 | 1.7 | 7.14 | 0.068 | 0.4 | (0.2,0.8) |
| Midwest | 11.3 | 2.7 | 0.6 | (0.3,1.2) | ||
| West | 18.4 | 4.3 | 0.8 | (0.4,1.6) | ||
| New England | 18.7 | 3.9 | Reference | |||
OR = odds ratio; se = standard error; CI=Confidence Interval; NH=Non-Hispanic. Increase in psychological distress defined as movement from no/low distress to mild/moderate or severe distress or from mild/moderate to severe distress.