Skip to main content
. 2022 Sep 20;15(12):2002–2009. doi: 10.1111/eva.13472

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Spike‐shattering patterns in wild emmer. (a) Wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) plants in their natural habitats in Israel, with mature disarticulating spikes. (b) Examples of wild emmer spikes after shattering, with 2–5 remaining spikelets (photos taken more than 2 months after full maturity). (c) Examples of half‐spike brittleness wild emmer spikes of plants grown under controlled conditions (collected in the Arbel nature reserve and the Mt. Gilboa habitats, Northern Israel), and (d) mature near‐isogenic line (NIL) of wild emmer wheat accession Zavitan with introgressed domesticated alleles of Btr‐A (chromosome 3A), and (e) spikes with a half‐brittle phenotype. SEM image of an abscission scar of an (f) upper and (g) lower spikelets. The upper image (f) confirming that the NILs have smooth scars similar to those of wild emmer Zavitan (i.e., BR phenotype) and lower image (g) confirming that the NILs have rough edges scars similar to those of durum wheat. White arrow points to the smooth or rough edges scar associated with the shattering versus nonshattering phenotype.