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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2022 May 18;36(5):654–664. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12893

TABLE 3.

Causal mediation analysis of gestational age as mediator of the association between social disadvantage and cognitive outcome, controlling for maternal age

Cognitive Outcome
WASI-II IQ NTCB verbal factor NTCB fluid factor
Total effect of social disadvantage1 −5.5
(−7.3 −3.7)		 −3.2
(−4.4, −2.0)		 −1.0
(−2.4, 0.4)
Controlled direct effect of social disadvantage −5.5
(−7.3, −3.7)		 −3.2
(−4.4, −2.0)		 −1.0
(−2.3, 0.4)
Natural direct effect of social disadvantage −5.5
(−7.3, −3.7)		 −3.2
(−4.4, −2.0)		 −1.0
(−2.3, 0.4)
Natural indirect effect through gestational age 0.0
(−0.3, 0.4)		 0.0
(−0.1, 0.1)		 −0.0
(−0.2, 0.1)
Percentage mediated by gestational age −0.0%
(−7.2%, 5.9%)		 −0.1%
(−4.3%, 2.9%)		 2.0%
(−37.1%, 57.4%)
Percentage due to interaction 0.0%
(−1.9%, 1.8%)		 0.0%
(−4.3%, 4.6%)		 −0.4%
(−35.0%, 13.2%)
Percentage eliminated −0.0%
(−7.3%, 6.2%)		 −0.1%
(−5.9%, 5.4%)		 2.3%
(−53.5%, 59.2%)
1

Effects correspond to expected difference in outcome for each additional social disadvantage