Table 3.

Additional descriptive statistics. Focus on the leader/follower distinction.

	Full sample			Cheaters			Unwarned leaders (control group)			Warned leaders (treated group)			Control/treatment comparison
	obs	mean	sd	obs	mean	sd	obs	mean	sd	obs	mean	sd	t-stat	p-value
Exam cheater	644	0.18	0.38	233	0.24	0.43	27	0.52	0.51	33	0.09	0.29	3.87	0.00
Test 5 cheater	644	0.36	0.48	233	1.00	0.00	27	1.00	0.00	33	1.00	0.00	NaN	NaN
Test 5 leader	644	0.09	0.29	233	0.26	0.44	27	1.00	0.00	33	1.00	0.00	NaN	NaN
Nb missed assignments	644	0.37	0.79	233	0.30	0.60	27	0.22	0.58	33	0.27	0.57	−0.34	0.74
Absent at Test 5	644	0.04	0.19	233	0.00	0.00	27	0.00	0.00	33	0.00	0.00	NaN	NaN
Grade test1	644	81.94	22.05	233	82.17	23.95	27	89.18	19.41	33	84.89	24.80	0.75	0.46
Grade test2	644	76.71	25.70	233	79.09	23.51	27	73.52	29.85	33	79.61	24.42	−0.85	0.40
Grade test3	644	78.12	32.97	233	79.76	31.30	27	85.31	21.40	33	85.30	25.84	0.00	1.00
Grade test4	644	82.88	28.40	233	85.90	26.43	27	91.35	20.15	33	85.09	28.73	0.99	0.33
Grade Test 5	644	58.54	22.87	233	68.98	17.62	27	74.76	15.54	33	72.20	19.03	0.57	0.57
Female	644	0.47	0.50	233	0.42	0.50	27	0.48	0.51	33	0.48	0.51	−0.03	0.98
Admission grade (written)	644	12.81	1.66	233	12.88	1.71	27	12.41	1.43	33	12.76	1.62	−0.89	0.38
Admission grade (oral)	644	16.68	2.44	233	16.64	2.64	27	17.22	2.25	33	16.29	2.98	1.38	0.17
Grade in other classes	644	14.56	0.96	233	14.43	0.88	27	14.47	0.88	33	14.40	0.72	0.37	0.71
Did classe prepa	644	0.72	0.45	233	0.69	0.46	27	0.74	0.45	33	0.73	0.45	0.12	0.91
Scientific high school	644	0.47	0.50	233	0.50	0.50	27	0.59	0.50	33	0.55	0.51	0.36	0.72
High school honors	644	0.35	0.48	233	0.29	0.46	27	0.22	0.42	33	0.42	0.50	−1.69	0.10