Table 1.

Summary of manufacturing adaptations and technological implementation.

Adaptation	Field	Cause	Highlights	Concerns	Ref.
Organizational Shifts	Chemical	Sanitizers	Efficient adaptation to changing circumstances and demand was made possible by incorporated flexible and diverse manufacturing technologies	Requirement of advanced modularized equipment and a capable information network	[8,11,12,[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]]
		Disinfectants
	Textile	PPE
	Grass Roots	PPE
	Automotive	Ventilators
	Aerospace	Ventilators
	Home Appliance	Ventilators
Collaboration	Ventilators	Manufacturing Capacity	Ideological shift of businesses leading to increased willingness to collaborate in order to solve international problems	Intellectual property concerns after the conclusion of the pandemic	[8,[24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31]]
		Part Sourcing
		Assembly
		Novel Devices
	Vaccines/Drugs/Diagnostics	Specialized Knowledge
		Testing Capacity
		Production Capacity
		Funding
Advanced Manufacturing Techniques	Intelligent Manufacturing	Autonomous Production	Allows for greater protection of workers while reducing supply chain and production disruptions	Regulatory concerns regarding products developed through 3D printing	[11,14,22,[32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47]]
	3D Printing	On-Demand Production
		Customization
		Specialized Products
		Grass Roots Initiatives