Table 3.
Within-subject comparisons between baseline and lockdown. Significant effects were found for depression scores (from HADS-D), wellbeing (from WEMWBS), diurnal preference (from rMEQ), and alcohol use.
| Variable | N | Baseline (M±SD) | Lockdown (M±SD) | L-B (M) | F | p | ηp2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anxiety | 251 | 9.35±4.28 | 9.42±4.47 | 0.072 | 0.076 | 0.782 | 0 |
| Depression | 259 | 4.33±3.26 | 6.31±3.74 | 1.972⁎⁎ | 84.236⁎⁎ | <0.001 | 0.25 |
| Alcohol use | 246 | 4.53±2.85 | 3.96±2.58 | −0.569⁎⁎ | 28.080⁎⁎ | <0.001 | 0.1 |
| Wellbeing | 251 | 23.04±4.96 | 21.12±4.87 | −1.920⁎⁎ | 33.282⁎⁎ | <0.001 | 0.12 |
| Loneliness | 251 | 4.23±1.10 | 4.45±1.06 | 0.22 | 0.541 | 0.463 | 0 |
| Sleep quality | 238 | 6.58±3.35 | 6.60±3.16 | 0.017 | 0.009 | 0.925 | 0 |
| Diurnal Preference | 249 | 12.03±3.26 | 11.62±3.47 | −0.402* | 6.444* | 0.012 | 0.03 |
Note: Means and s.d. for each timepoint and results (F, p (two-tailed), ηp2) of repeated-measures ANOVA. Age, gender, and year of study were included as covariates.
⁎⁎
p<.01
⁎
p<.05.