Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and laboratory data of the study population
| All patients No. = 89 | Non-Severe No. = 45 | Severe No. = 44 | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD) | 61.3 ± 10 | 54.7 ± 8.3 | 68 ± 6.5 | < 0.001 | |
| Gender (No., %) | Male | 37(41.6%) | 15(33.3) | 22(50) | 0.11 |
| Female | 52(58.4%) | 30(66.7) | 22(50) | ||
| Comorbidities (No., %) | |||||
| Diabetes | 30 (33.7%) | 2(4.4) | 28(63.6) | < 0.001 | |
| Hypertension | 36(40.4%) | 4(8.9) | 32(72.7) | < 0.001 | |
| Chronic pulmonary disease* | 2(2.2%) | 1(2.2) | 1(2.3) | 1 | |
| Chronic liver disease | 2(2.2%) | 2(4.5) | 0(0) | 0.24 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1(1.1%) | 1(2.2) | 0(0) | 0.49 | |
| Ischemic Heart disease | 4(4.5%) | 3(6.8) | 1(2.3) | 0.36 | |
| Thyroid diseases | 3(3.4%) | 2(4.5) | 1(2.3) | 0.61 | |
| Cancer | 2(2.2%) | 2(4.5) | 0(0) | 0.242 | |
| Thrombotic events (No., %) | Venous (DVT) | 9 (10.1%) | 0(0) | 9(20.5) | 0.001 |
| Arterial (PE) | 14 (15.7%) | 1(2.2) | 13(29.5) | < 0.001 | |
| Method of diagnosis (No., %) | Duplex | 7(7.9%) | 0(0) | 7(16) | 1 |
| CTPA | 14(15.7) | 1(2.2) | 13(29.5) | ||
| Both | 2(2.2) | 0(0) | 2(4.5) | ||
| Received anticoagulation (No., %) | 55(61.8%) | 11(24.4) | 44(100) | < 0.001 | |
| Anticoagulation type (No., %) | LMWH | 37 (41.6%) | 0(0) | 37(84.1%) | < 0.001 |
| DNOA | 18 (20.2%) | 11(24.4) | 7(15.9%) | ||
| Laboratory investigations (mean ± SD) | |||||
| Hemoglobin (gm/dl) | 12.5 ± 1.6 | 13.8 ± 2.2 | 16.6 ± 3 | < 0.001 | |
| Total leucocytic count (/cmm) | 6.9 ± 3.1 | 7.5 ± 3.2 | 6.2 ± 2.8 | 0.007 | |
| Platelets (/ μL) | 252 ± 51 | 250 ± 66 | 254.7 ± 29.5 | 0.66 | |
| Lymphocytes % | 27.2 ± 10.5 | 31 ± 11 | 23 ± 8 | 0.001 | |
| Neutrophil % | 57 ± 11.4 | 60.5 ± 12.5 | 53.4 ± 9 | 0.003 | |
| AST (U/L) | 29.8 ± 12.4 | 29 ± 4.8 | 30.5 ± 17 | 0.05 | |
| ALT (U/L) | 27.5 ± 9.5 | 26.6 ± 4.1 | 28.3 ± 12.8 | 0.35 | |
| CRP (mg/L) (median-IQR) | 21(1.5–120) | 5(1.5–78) | 33(17–120) | < 0.001 | |
| D dimer (μg/mL) (median-IQR) | 0.6(0.1–2.4) | 0.4 (0.1–1.7) | 0.8(0.3–2.4) | < 0.001 | |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 278 (11–1498) | 85(11–900) | 645(178–1498) | < 0.001 | |
| LDH (U/L) | 336 ± 156 | 269 ± 57 | 404 ± 193 | < 0.001 | |
| IL-1β (pg/ml) | 15.2 ± 2.9 | 13.8 ± 2.1 | 16.6 ± 2.9 | < 0.001 | |
| sP- selectin (ng/ml) | 15 ± 3.2 | 13 ± 1.8 | 17 ± 2.8 | < 0.001 | |
Abbreviations: * COPD patient, DVT deep venous thrombosis, PE pulmonary embolism, CTPA CT pulmonary angiogram, AST Aspartate Transaminase, ALT Alanine Transaminase, CRP C-Reactive Protein, LDH Lactate Dehydrogenase, IL-1β Interleukin 1 beta, DNOC Direct New Oral Anticoagulants, LMWH Low Molecular Weight Heparin