Fig. 2.

Effect of the COVID-19 reminder on outcomes. Note: This figure illustrates the effect of the COVID-19 reminder on the solidarity, nationalism, and fairness variables. The variables are standardized with the population-weighted standard deviation. High and low levels of household income, education, and confirmed cases are defined by being above or at/below the weighted median in the sample. The estimated effects and sandwich standard errors are based on population-weighted linear regressions including control variables for the indicated groups and other basic demographics. See Tables S3–S6 for complete regression specifications. In Fig. S1, we report how the treatment impacts the distribution of the solidarity, nationalism, and fairness variables.