Table 3.
Descriptive and Bivariate Statistics for At-the-Moment Stress, Location, and Time of Day by Types of Discipline Used for 329 Parents during 12,099 Daily Assessments (n = 12099).
| Full Sample | No Discipline | Non-Punitive | Punitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % or mean (sd) | % or mean (sd) | % or mean (sd) | % or mean (sd) | Test Statistic | |
| Use of Discipline | |||||
| None of those listed | 50.6 % | ||||
| Non-punitive | 42.9 % | ||||
| Punitive | 6.5 % | ||||
| Assessment-Level Covariates | |||||
| Stress | 3.26 (2.13) | 3.00 (1.98) | 3.37 (2.16) | 4.55 (2.46) | F = 202.737** |
| Location (reference: not at home) | χ2 = 7.751 | ||||
| At non-home location (e.g., work, store) | 10.5 % | 10.8 % | 10.4 % | 9.3 % | |
| Home | 89.5 % | 89.2 % | 89.6 % | 90.7 % | |
| Time of Day (reference: 10 a.m.) | χ2 = 26.952** | ||||
| 10:00 a.m. | 33.4 % | 35.2 | 32.4 | 26.9 | |
| 3:00 p.m. | 32.0 % | 31.0 | 32.8 | 33.9 | |
| 9:00 p.m. | 34.6 % | 33.8 | 34.8 | 39.3 | |
sd = standard deviation.
**
p < .001.