Table 5.
Results of hypotheses testing.
| Hypotheses and paths | Standardized path coefficient (β) | t- value | Confidence interval | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main effects | ||||
| H1a: C19P-S → SA | 0.209*** | 3.668 | [0.098, 0.320] | Supported |
| H1b: C19P-S → CP | 0.566*** | 11.958 | [0.474, 0.655] | Supported |
| H2a: CNE → SA | 0.402*** | 7.546 | [0.296, 0.502] | Supported |
| H2b: CNE → CP | −0.046ns | 1.118 | [−0.128, 0.033] | Unsupported |
| H3: SA → MSF | 0.400*** | 9.459 | [0.316, 0.484] | Supported |
| H4: CP → MSF | 0.385*** | 9.001 | [0.300, 0.470] | Supported |
| Moderating effects | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H5a: SI x SA→ MSF | 0.176*** | 3.598 | [0.086, 0.278] | Supported |
| H5b: SI x CP → MSF | −0.007ns | 0.150 | [−0.097, 0.090] | Unsupported |
Notes: C19P-S = covid-19 phobia scale; SA = smartphone addiction; CP = consumer pessimism; CNE = Covid-19 news exposure; MSF = m-shopping frequency; SI = social influence; ns = not significant; ***p < 0.001 (2-tailed).