Table. A 1.
Constructs, indicators and sources.
| Construct | Items | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Consumer pessimism (CP) | CP1: I think that the prices of most products/services have increased continuously during COVID-19. CP2: I believe that it is difficult for a household to deal with its current financial needs today. CP3: I think that households will face problems in meeting their financial needs during the coming years. |
(Chaniotakis et al., 2009) |
| Smartphone addiction (SA) | SA1: Using my mobile phone is one of my daily activities. SA2: If my mobile phone does not work, I really miss it. SA3: My mobile phone is important in my life. SA4: I cannot go for several days without using my mobile phone. SA5: I would be lost without my mobile phone. |
(Rodríguez-Torrico et al., 2020; Ruiz Mafé and Sanz Blas, 2006) |
| Psychological (PSY) | PSY1: The fear of coming down with COVID-19 makes me very anxious. PSY2: I am extremely afraid that someone in my family might become infected by the COVID-19. PSY3: News about COVID-19-related deaths cause me great anxiety. PSY4: Uncertainties surrounding COVID-19 cause me enormous anxiety. PSY5: The pace that COVID-19 has spread causes me great panic. PSY6: I argue passionately (or want to argue) with people I consider to be behaving irresponsibly in the face of COVID-19. |
(Arpaci et al., 2020) |
| Psycho-somatic (SOM) | SOM1: I experience serious stomach aches out of the fear of COVID-19. SOM2: I experience serious chest pain out of the fear of COVID-19. SOM3: I experience tremors due to the fear of COVID-19. SOM4: I experience sleep problems out of the fear of COVID-19. SOM5: COVID-19 makes me so tense that I find myself unable to do the things I previously had no problem doing. |
(Arpaci et al., 2020) |
| Economic (ECO) | ECO1: The possibility of a food supply shortage due to the COVID-19 pandemic causes me anxiety. ECO2: The possibility of shortages in cleaning supplies due to the COVID-19 pandemic causes me anxiety. ECO3: I stock food with the fear of COVID-19. ECO4: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, I do not feel relaxed unless I constantly check on my supplies at home. |
(Arpaci et al., 2020) |
| Social (SOC) | SOC1: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, I feel extremely anxious when I see people coughing. SOC2: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, I actively avoid people I see sneezing. SOC3: Following the COVID-19 pandemic, I have noticed that I spend extensive periods of time cleaning my hands. SOC4: The fear of coming down with COVID-19 seriously impedes my social relationships. SOC5: I am unable to curb my anxiety of catching COVID-19 from others. |
(Arpaci et al., 2020) |
| Social influence (SI) | SI1: When I shop by this m-shopping app, most of the people important to me, regard me as clever. SI2: When I shop by this m-shopping app, most of the people important to me, regard m-shopping as useful. SI3: When I shop by this m-shopping app, most of the people important to me, regard m-shopping as valuable. |
(Bauer et al., 2005; Prodanova et al., 2018) |
| Covid-19 news exposure (CNE) | CNE: How much have you heard or learned about COVID-19 in the news? (By news we mean national, international, regional/local news and other topical events accessed via radio, TV, newspaper or online)? | (Elhai et al., 2020) |
| Mobile shopping frequency (MSF) | MSF: How would you describe the frequency of your m-shopping during the recommended isolation due to COVID-19? | Self-developed |