Table 2.
Associations between plant-based diet indices and abdominal obesity incidence (n=6,054)
| Variables | Baseline diet only |
Most recent diet |
Cumulative average |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of cases/person-yr | Multivariable-adjusted1 | No. of cases/person-yr | Multivariable-adjusted1 | No. of cases/person-yr | Multivariable-adjusted1 | ||
| PDI | |||||||
| Q1 | 321/9,013 | 1.00 (reference) | 343/8,503 | 1.00 (reference) | 379/8,812 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Q2 | 351/9,025 | 1.13 (0.97, 1.31) | 352/9,392 | 1.00 (0.86, 1.16) | 298/9,013 | 0.74 (0.64, 0.87) | |
| Q3 | 372/10,406 | 0.93 (0.80, 1.08) | 395/10,307 | 0.94 (0.82, 1.09) | 403/11,066 | 0.79 (0.68, 0.90) | |
| Q4 | 353/8,603 | 0.97 (0.83, 1.13) | 342/9,199 | 0.85 (0.73, 0.99) | 272/8,259 | 0.66 (0.56, 0.77) | |
| Q5 | 381/8,771 | 1.06 (0.92, 1.24) | 346/8,418 | 0.94 (0.81, 1.10) | 426/8,667 | 0.94 (0.82, 1.08) | |
| p for trend2 | 0.990 | 0.119 | 0.379 | ||||
| hPDI | |||||||
| Q1 | 318/9,778 | 1.00 (reference) | 339/8,903 | 1.00 (reference) | 343/8,874 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Q2 | 340/9,406 | 1.11 (0.95, 1.29) | 344/9,785 | 0.86 (0.74, 1.00) | 328/9,793 | 0.77 (0.66, 0.90) | |
| Q3 | 322/8,256 | 1.09 (0.93, 1.27) | 333/9,006 | 0.82 (0.71, 0.96) | 341/9,220 | 0.83 (0.72, 0.97) | |
| Q4 | 400/9,218 | 1.24 (1.06, 1.44) | 394/9,752 | 0.87 (0.75, 1.01) | 371/9,567 | 0.86 (0.74, 1.00) | |
| Q5 | 398/9,160 | 1.09 (0.94, 1.27) | 368/8,372 | 0.97 (0.83, 1.12) | 395/8,363 | 0.94 (0.81, 1.09) | |
| p for trend2 | 0.110 | 0.826 | 0.963 | ||||
| uPDI | |||||||
| Q1 | 304/10,259 | 1.00 (reference) | 321/10,345 | 1.00 (reference) | 306/9,633 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Q2 | 336/9,661 | 1.17 (1.00, 1.37) | 335/9,979 | 1.06 (0.91, 1.23) | 327/9,616 | 1.06 (0.90, 1.24) | |
| Q3 | 321/8,280 | 1.34 (1.14, 1.57) | 303/7,834 | 1.20 (1.02, 1.41) | 334/9,237 | 1.11 (0.95, 1.30) | |
| Q4 | 364/8,833 | 1.34 (1.14, 1.56) | 418/9,291 | 1.37 (1.18, 1.59) | 357/9,320 | 1.15 (0.98, 1.35) | |
| Q5 | 453/8,786 | 1.70 (1.46, 1.98) | 401/8,369 | 1.52 (1.30, 1.78) | 454/8,012 | 1.76 (1.51, 2.06) | |
| p for trend2 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Values are presented as hazard ratio (95% confidence interval).
Q, quintile; PDI, plant-based diet index; hPDI, healthy plant-based diet index; uPDI, unhealthy plant-based diet index; MET, metabolic equivalent of task.
1
The multivariable-adjusted model was adjusted for age (years), gender (men or women), total energy intake (kcal/day), high school graduate (yes or no), physical activity level (METs), current smoking (yes or no), alcohol intake (g/day), and body mass index at baseline.
2
Treating the median value of each group as a continuous variable using a Cox proportional-hazard model.