Table 2.

Results of a multivariate binomial regression model looking at the associations between socio-cultural variables and COVID-related discrimination (0 = no reported experiences of COVID-related discrimination; 1 = at least one reported experience of COVID-related discrimination) (n = 3273).

Variables	Experiences of COVID-related discrimination
	OR (95 % CI)	LR χ2 (df)
Age		27.730(2)***
18−39 years	Ref
40−59 years	0.510 (0.391, 0.661)***
≥ 60 years	0.639 (0.442, 0.915)*
Gender		11.900(1)***
Male	Ref
Female	0.684 (0.551, 0.849)***
Race/ethnicity		51.816(6)***
White	Ref
East Asian	4.609 (2.947, 7.233)***
South Asian	3.326 (1.810, 6.027)***
Black	2.078 (1.415, 3.073)***
South East Asian	3.092 (1.747, 5.406)***
Arab	1.836 (1.199, 2.820)**
Other	2.525 (1.177, 5.105)*
Generation		0.152(2)
1st	Ref
2nd	1.051 (0.808, 1.364)
3rd or more	1.044 (0.723, 1.516)
Education		6.225(2)*
High school or less	Ref
Technical degree/some college or university	0.913 (0.671, 1.249)
University degree or above	0.720 (0.530, 0.985)*
Employment status/Occupation		35.995(4)***
Unemployed [not because of COVID-19]	Ref
Essential worker [not healthcare]	0.850 (0.605, 1.193)
Non-essential worker	0.792 (0.569, 1.103)
Essential health-care worker	2.056 (1.434, 2.948)***
Lost job because of COVID-19	1.152 (0.800, 1.653)
Geographical location		0.011(1)
Outside Greater Montreal Area	Ref
Greater Montreal Area	1.013 (0.794, 1.299)
Exposure to COVID-19		53.506(1)***
No	Ref
Yes	2.240 (1.808, 2.775)***