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. 2022 Dec 15;12:21679. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22778-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Reconstruction of susceptibility maps from a patient with GBM. (a) The glioblastoma appears hypointense in the T2*-weighted magnitude image (white arrow). The corresponding (b) phase image, (c) local field map, (d) T2 FLAIR and (e) T1 Post contrast image are displayed. QSM reconstructions from (f) closed form L2, (g) MEDI, (h) FANSI, and (i) PnP-BM4D are shown. Tumor features are more conspicuous and show less blurring of vascularity in the PnP-BM4D reconstructions. Additionally, there is less blurring and higher contrast in grey matter cortical regions.