Table 4.
Multiple logistic regression associations of blood metal levels with the prevalence of gout in adults.
| Metals | Continuous log2-transformed Metals | Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | P for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |||
| Mercury, ug/L | 1.08 (1.02-1.14) * | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.08 (0.86-1.36) | 1.11 (0.88-1.41) | 1.39 (1.10-1.75) ** | 0.029 |
| Manganese, ug/L | 1.10 (0.93-1.29) | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.18 (0.83-1.27) | 1.01 (0.81-1.26) | 1.08 (0.86-1.37) | 0.917 |
| Lead, ug/dL | 1.29 (1.17-1.41) *** | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.30 (0.88-1.60) | 1.13 (0.83-1.53) | 1.91 (1.41-2.57) *** | <0.001 |
| Cadmium, ug/L | 1.08 (0.99-1.18) | 1.00 [Reference] | 1.21 (0.96-1.54) | 1.10 (0.86-1.41) | 1.10 (0.83-1.45) | 0.454 |
| Selenium, ug/L | 0.79 (0.53-1.17) | 1.00 [Reference] | 0.79 (0.63-0.98) * | 0.83 (0.67-1.03) | 0.85 (0.68-1.05) | 0.147 |
Model was adjusted as age, sex, education level, race, poverty, smoker, alcohol user, energy intake levels, sedentary time, BMI, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, eGFR, urinary creatinine, urinary albumin, diuretics, beta-blockers, diabetes, and hypertension.
CI, confidence interval; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001.