Table 1.

Regulatory pathways that promote the differentiation of EPCs

Mechanisms	Effects	Ref
TGF-β inhibitor	↑promote the differentiation of EPCs	[111–113]
ACE-536		[111]
EPO		[87,96,128]
PcG, Bmi1		[149–154]
Iron, folic acid, and vitamin C		[142,143]
AHR antagonist		[145]
Caspase-1		[141]
mTOR inhibitor		[155]
GSI		[137]
E2F-2		[146–148]
HIF-1α		[140]
Hypoxia		[139]
EKLF		[148]
GATA-1		[90,91,92,93]
MS-275		[144]
Resection of the spleen		[59]
EKLF/KLF1		[163]
Long non-coding RNAs		[109]
PPAR-α		[103]
RHEX		[104]