Table 2.
Alternative isoform production associates with the incidence of infectious or inflammatory diseases.
| Gene | Pro | Anti | Association | Both? | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MyD88 | MyD88-L | MyD88-S | MyD88-L but not MyD88-S upregulated in PBMCs from ARDS patients | Yes | (140) |
| MyD88 | MyD88-L | MyD88-S | MyD88-L but not MyD88-S upregulated in PBMCs from ILD patients undergoing an acute exacerbation | Yes | (140) |
| MyD88 | MyD88-L | MyD88-S | HIV-1 exposed seronegative individuals: MyD88-L:MyD88-S ratio increased following TLR7/8 stimulation of PBMCs | Yes | (141) |
| MyD88 | MyD88-L | MyD88-S | Major depressive disorder: MyD88-S downregulated compared to healthy controls in PBMCs/monocytes | No | (142–144) |
| MyD88 | MyD88-L | MyD88-S | MyD88-S upregulated in monocytes from septic patients | No | (145) |
| MyD88 | MyD88-L | MyD88-S | No change in MyD88-S in monocytes from septic patients with severe melioidosis. No difference in MyD88-S in survivors vs non-survivors | No | (146) |
| MyD88 | MyD88-L | MyD88-S | MyD88-S upregulated in COPD patient CD4+ T cells stimulated with αCD3/αC28 & IL12. | No | (147) |
| MyD88 | MyD88-L | MyD88-S | No change in MyD88-L:MyD88-S ratio in human monocytes “tolerized” in vitro | Yes | (148) |
| MyD88 | MyD88-L | MyD88-S | MyD88-L increased, MyD88-S unchanged in B cell lymphomas | Yes | (149) |
| IRAK1 | IRAK1 | IRAK1c | IRAK1 splicing unchanged in PBMCs from ARDS patients. IRAK1c in PBMCs associated with decreased 28 day mortality in ARDS patients. | Yes | (140) |
| TLR4 | TLR4 | Unnamed | Reduced ability to upregulate a possibly negatively acting isoform of TLR4 in LPS-stimulated monocytes from subjects with Cystic Fibrosis | Yes | (87) |
| TBK1 | TBK1 | TBK1s | TBK1s but not TBK1 upregulated in PBMCs from HCV-infected patients | Yes | (66) |
“Pro” is name of the canonical pro-inflammatory isoform. “Anti” is the name of the alternative splice form that encodes the negative regulator of signaling. Both refers to whether both isoforms were measured or only the anti-inflammatory form was measured in that study.