Table 1.
Independent factors and their categories and category scores and grading among community members and health workers
| Independent factors | Categories (scores) | |||||
| Positive category | Negative category | |||||
| A | COVID-19 experiences and perceptions | |||||
| 1. | How fearful are you about getting COVID-19? | Very fearful (4) | A little fearful (3) | Not sure (2) | Not fearful (1) | Not fearful at all (0) |
| 2. | How possible is it for you to get COVID-19? | Highly possible (4) | A bit possible (3) | Not sure (2) | Not possible (1) | Not possible at all (0) |
| 3. | How possible is it for you to get severe COVID-19? | Highly possible (4) | A bit possible (3) | Not sure (2) | Not possible (1) | Not possible at all (0) |
| 4. | Have you ever had COVID-19? | Yes, surely (4) | Yes, think so (3) | Not sure (2) | No, think so (1) | No, surely (0) |
| 5. | Have you ever had severe COVID-19? | Yes, very serious (4) | Yes, a bit serious (3) | Not sure (2) | No, not serious (1) | No, not serious at all (0) |
| 6. | Do you know any person who have had COVID-19? |
A very close person (4) | A close person (3) | A distant person (2) | A very distant person (1) | No person (0) |
| 7. | Do you know any person who have had severe COVID-19? |
A very close person (4) | A close person (3) | A distant person (2) | A very distant person (1) | No person (0) |
| 8. | Do you know any person who have died from COVID-19? | A very close person (4) | A close person (3) | A distant person (2) | A very distant person (1) | No person (0) |
| Total | (32H) | – | – | – | (0L) | |
| 9. | COVID-19 experiences and perceptions score | |||||
| 10. | Extent of COVID-19 experience and perception (COVID-19 risk perception)A | Strong experience and perception (high risk perception) | – | – | – | Not strong experience and perception (low risk perception) |
| B | COVID-19 vaccination expectations and perceptions | |||||
| 11. | How important is it for you to receive COVID-19 vaccination? | Very important (4) | Important (3) | Not sure (2) | Not important (1) | Not important at all (0) |
| 12. | How fearful are you about having severe side-effect from COVID-19 vaccination? | Not fearful at all (4) | Not fearful (3) | Not sure (2) | A little fearful (1) | Very fearful (0) |
| 13. | What protection against COVID-19 will you get from receiving COVID-19 vaccination? | Full protection (4) | Partial protection (3) | Not sure (2) | No protection (1) | No protection at all (0) |
| 14. | How do you trust the health workers who give COVID-19 vaccination? | Trust them very much (4) | Trust them (3) | Not sure (2) | Do not trust them (1) | Do not trust them at all (0) |
| 15. | How do you trust the government who made COVID-19 vaccination available? | Trust them very much (4) | Trust them (3) | Not sure (2) | Do not trust them (1) | Do not trust them at all (0) |
| Total | (20HH) | – | – | – | (0LL) | |
| 16. | COVID-19 vaccination expectations and perceptions score | |||||
| 17. | COVID-19 vaccination expectation and perception level (COVID-19 vaccination benefit perception)B | Good expectation and perception (high benefit perception) | – | – | – | Poor expectation and perception (low benefit perception) |
| C | COVID-19 vaccination process experiences and perceptions (availability/access factor) | |||||
| 18. | Ever heard about COVID-19 vaccination? | Many times (4) | Once/few times (3) | Not sure (2) | No time (1) | No time at all (0) |
| 19. | Know a COVID-19 vaccination place? | A very close place (4) | A close place (3) | A far place (2) | A very far place (1) | No place (0) |
| 20. | Frequency of COVID-19 vaccination at the vaccination place? | Daily, down to twice a week (4) | Once a weekly (3) | Once in two-4 weeks (2) | No fixed time (1) | Do not know (0) |
| 21. | Queue at the vaccination place? | No queue (4) | Short queue (3) | Do not know (2) | Long queue (1) | Very long queue (0) |
| 22. | How caring are the health workers at the vaccination place? | Very caring (4) | Caring (3) | Not sure (2) | Not caring (1) | Not caring at all (0) |
| Total | (20HHH) | (0LLL) | ||||
| 23. | COVID-19 vaccination process experiences and perceptions score (availability/access factor score) | |||||
| 24. | COVID-19 vaccination process experience and perception level (availability/access factor level)C | Positive experience and perception (availability and access factor) | – | – | – | Negative experience and perception (availability and access factor) |
| D25. | Acceptance factor level | Defined as COVID-19 risk-COVID-19 vaccination benefit perception or disease risk-remedy benefit perception level. Categories: High disease risk-high remedy benefit perception or high–high DR-RB perception, high–low DR-RB perception, low–high DR-RB perception and low–low DR-RB perception |
||||
| 26. | Acceptance factor score | Defined as COVID-19 risk perception score plus COVID-19 vaccination benefit perceptions score or DR-RB perception score | ||||
| E27. | Acceptance-availability/access factor level | High–high-positive, high–high-negative, high–low-positive, high–low-negative, low–high-positive, low–high-negative, low–low-positive, low–low-negative | ||||
| Independent factors | Categories (scores) | |||||
| Positive category | Negative category | |||||
| F | Knowledge, attitude, and practice | |||||
| 28. | Knowledge score | |||||
| 29. | Level of knowledge of COVID-19D | Good knowledge | – | – | – | Poor knowledge |
| 30. | Attitude score | |||||
| 31. | Level of attitude towards COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccinationE | Good attitude | – | – | – | Poor attitude |
| 32. | Practice score | |||||
| 33. | Level of practices about COVID-19F | Good practice | – | – | – | Poor practice |
| G | Source of information about COVID-19 | Interpersonal (family members/relatives/friends, other health workers, place of work, place of worship/religious forums); traditional media (television, radio, prints (newspaper/magazine)); internet, social media, & SMS (WhatsApp, Facebook, Internet sites, Bulk SMS/Text messages) | ||||
| 34. | Main source of information | Interpersonal; traditional media; Internet, social media and SMS | ||||
| 35. | Most trusted source of information | Interpersonal; traditional media; Internet, social media and SMS | ||||
| H | Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||
| 36. | Gender | Male, female | ||||
| 37. | Age | |||||
| 38. | Marital status | Married, divorced, separated, widowed, never married (single) | ||||
| 39. | Educational level | No formal education, some primary, completed primary, some secondary, completed secondary, tertiary (diploma, first degree, masters/PHD/other equivalent) | ||||
| 40. | Occupation* | Farmer, trader, other-self-employment, private paid work, government paid work, housewife, student, apprentice, youth service (corper), none | ||||
| 41. | Residence* | Rural, semi-urban/urban | ||||
| 42. | Usual monthly income (NGN) and income score* | Income categories: ‘no income’ up to ‘more than 300 000’ with interval of 20 000, giving 18 categories. ‘no income’ is scored ‘one’ and the score increases by ‘one’ for each higher category up to the highest score of 17 | ||||
| I | Professional or work-related attributes† | |||||
| 43. | Professional cadre or work category | Non-Clinical staff, Clinical staff (PMV, health attendant, JCHEW, CHEW, CHO, nurse/midwife, medical laboratory scientist, medical laboratory technologist, pharmacist, pharmacy technician, house officer, medical officer, medical doctor in specialist training, specialist medical doctor) | ||||
| 44. | Years of working experience | |||||
| 45 | Primary place of work | Public and private | ||||
| 46. | Level of primary place of work | Primary healthcare level (facility), secondary healthcare level (facility), and tertiary healthcare level (facility) | ||||
HHighest attainable COVID-19 experiences and perceptions score for each participant (LLowest attainable score). ACOVID-19 experiences and perceptions score of ≥50% of the highest attainable score of 32 is strong experience and perception, <50% is not strong experience and perception. HHHighest attainable COVID-19 vaccination expectations and perceptions score for each participant (LLLowest attainable score). BCOVID-19 vaccination expectations and perceptions score of>=50% of the highest attainable score of 20 is good expectation and perception, <50% is poor expectation and perception. HHHHighest attainable COVID-19 vaccination process experiences and perceptions score (LLLLowest attainable score). CCOVID-19 vaccination process experiences and perceptions score of ≥50% of the highest attainable score of 20 is positive experience and perception, <50% is negative experience and perception. DKnowledge score of ≥75% of the highest attainable score of 44 is good knowledge, <75% is poor knowledge (lowest attainable score is 0) (44 knowledge items scored ‘1’ for each correct response and ‘0’ for each incorrect response). EAttitude score of ≥75% of the highest attainable score of 80 is good attitude, <75% is poor attitude (lowest attainable score is 16) (each of 16 attitude items respectively scored from ‘1’ to ‘5’ or ‘5’ to ‘1’ as appropriate for ‘strongly disagree’, ‘disagree’, ‘not sure’, ‘agree’ and ‘strongly agree’). FPractice score of ≥75% of the highest attainable score of 24 is good practice, <75% is poor practice (lowest attainable score is 0) (24 practice items scored ‘1’ for each correct response and ‘0’ for each incorrect response).
*Among only community members.
†Among only health workers.
CHEW, Community Health Extension Worker; CHO, Community Health Officer; JCHEW, Junior Community Health Extension Worker; PMV, Patent Medicine Vendor.