Table 1.

Empirical Studies on mHealth.

Author(s)	Central Question	Theory	Empirical review	Core results
Akter et al. (2010)	Which factors influence the service quality of mHealth?	D&M- Modell	•User survey •n = 290	The quality of service has a strong positive effect on the satisfaction, continuance intentions and quality of life of mHealth.
Akter et al. (2011)	What influence does the trust in consumer confidence and continuity intention of mHealth?	TRA	•User survey •n = 223	Trustworthiness is a second order reflective construct, the influence on the continuity intention of mHealth.
Akter, D’Ambra et al. (2013)	What influence does the mHealth service quality have on the continuity intention, the satisfaction and the life quality?	Previous Research	•User survey •n = 480	The quality of service has both direct and indirect effects on the continuance intention and on the quality of life. In this context, satisfaction has a mediating effect.
Cho et al. (2015)	Which Relationship exists between body perception the perceived usefulness of dietetic and fitness apps and the behavioral intention to use these apps?	TAM	•Student survey •n = 294	The appearance, the fitness orientation and the own fitness evaluation influence the perceived usefulness of diet and fitness apps.
Cho et al. (2014)	What influence do cognitive factors have on the use of health apps?	Previous Research	•Secondary data •n = 765	Health awareness has an impact on health app usage.
Deng (2013)	Which determinants determine the user adoption of mHealth?	TAM; HBM	•User survey •n = 435	Perceived benefits, perceived barriers and cues to use positively influence the mHealth attitude of users
Dwivedi et al. (2016)	What explains intrinsic and extrinsic adoption behavior for mhealth services, considering user preferences and intercultural differences?	UTAUT, UTAUT2	•n = 387 (USA), 359 (Canada), 375 (Bangladesh)	The results suggest that the UTAUT model partially explains the pattern behavior with respect to mHealth applications. In addition, specific determinants such as cognitive, affective and conative or behavioral play an important role.
Guo et al. (2016)	What effects have security concerns and personalization on the acceptance of mHealth?	Previous Research	•User survey •n = 650	Perceived personalization and privacy concerns are positively and negatively associated with behavioral intent.
Hoque and Sorwar (2017)	How is the acceptance of mHealth among older users?	UTAUT	•User survey among seniors (65−69 years) •n = 274	Expectations of performance, expectations of effort, social influence, fear of technology and resistance to change all have an impact on the behavioral intention to accept mHealth services.
Hossain (2016)	How can a success model for the validation of mHealth be developed?	D&M- Modell	•User survey •n = 199	The intention to continue depends on perceived value and user satisfaction. The quality of medical advice and interaction quality have a positive effect on perceived value and user satisfaction. The Continuance intention positively influences the quality of health life.
Hung and Jen (2012)	Which determinants determine the adoption of mHealth?	TAM	•Student survey •n = 170	Perceived usefulness and attitude influence the behavioral intention of adopting mHealth. The determinants of attitude towards mHealth differ according to age: young adults have a stronger intention of adopting mHealth.
Nisha, Iqbal, Rifat, and Idrish (2015)	Which critical factors influence the intention to use mHealth?	UTAUT	•User survey •n = 927	Effort expectation, facilitating conditions, information quality and trust influence the behavioral intention.
Okazaki, Castañeda, Sanz, and Henseler (2013)	What factors influence the adoption of Japanese doctors for mHealth use in diabetics?	D&M- Modell	•Expert survey •n = 471	Net benefit and perceived value influence the usage intention. The influence of overall quality and net benefits on the usage intention is significantly strengthened by self-efficacy and compatibility
Sezgin, Özkan-Yildirim, and Yildirim (2018)	How is the perception by physicians regarding the use of mobile health applications?	TAM	•survey of physicians •n = 122	Effort Expectancy, Mobile Anxiety, Perceived Service Availability and Technical Training and Support have influence on the behavioral intention.
Shareef, Kumar, and Kumar (2014)	Which determinants influence the mHealth adaptation of diabetes patients?	TAM	•Patient Survey •n = 329	Perceived benefits, perceived usability, perceived reliability, perceived security and privacy influence the attitude towards the mHealth adaptation of patients.
Vervier, Valdez, and Ziefle (2019)	Which determinants have an influence on the attitude towards mHealth?	Previous Research	•User survey •n = 132	Health consciousness has a positive influence on the attitude towards mHealth. Privacy Concerns have no influence on the attitude towards mHealth.
Wu, Wang, and Lin (2007)	Which factors influence the acceptance of mHealth by medical professionals?	TAM	•Expert survey •n = 123	Compatibility, perceived usefulness and perceived usability influence behavioral intention. MHS self-efficacy has a strong influence on the behavioral intention.
Zhang, Guo, Lai, Guo, and Li (2014)	What role do gender-specific differences play a role in the adoption of mHealth?	TRA	•User survey •n = 481	Facilitating conditions, attitude and subjective norm influence the mHealth adoption Men show a higher level of mHealth adoption than women.