Table 1.
Comparison of the study variables between gender groups before the lockdown (n = 230).
| Study variables | Men (n = 48) |
Women (n = 182) |
p | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | |||
| SATAQ-4 | ||||
| Total | 2.09 (0.47) | 2.45 (0.73) | <0.001 | 0.53 |
| Thin/low body fat internalization | 2.19 (0.80) | 3.00 (1.08) | <0.001 | 0.79 |
| Muscular/athletic body internalization | 2.98 (1.00) | 2.82 (0.95) | 0.296 | – |
| Pressures: family | 1.65 (0.79) | 1.84 (1.14) | 0.172 | – |
| Pressures: peers | 1.46 (0.69) | 1.58 (0.94) | 0.309 | – |
| Pressures: media | 1.95 (1.24) | 2.82 (1.40) | <0.001 | 0.64 |
| MBSRQ-AS | ||||
| Appearance evaluation | 3.37 (0.72) | 3.29 (0.79) | 0.504 | – |
| Appearance orientation | 3.27 (0.53) | 3.54 (0.54) | 0.002 | 0.50 |
| Body area satisfaction | 3.48 (0.69) | 3.34 (0.70) | 0.205 | – |
| Overweight preoccupation | 2.02 (0.78) | 2.35 (0.94) | 0.015 | 0.36 |
| Self-classified weight | 3.07 (0.69) | 3.13 (0.68) | 0.597 | – |
| Quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) | ||||
| Total | 67.07 (18.02) | 66.95 (11.85) | 0.966 | – |
| Physical domain | 74.03 (15.95) | 70.64 (13.43) | 0.137 | – |
| Psychological domain | 61.81 (21.02) | 61.72 (15.56) | 0.979 | – |
| Social domain | 57.12 (24.13) | 64.38 (20.51) | 0.037 | 0.34 |
| Environmental domain | 67.32 (20.71) | 68.53 (14.11) | 0.704 | – |
| Body mass index, lifestyle and self-esteem | ||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.20 (3.45) | 21.83 (3.04) | <0.001 | 0.76 |
| Leisure-time exercise score | 78.77 (46.01) | 62.41 (43.05) | 0.022 | 0.38 |
| Sleep duration, hours/day | 7.33 (0.86) | 7.29 (1.14) | 0.787 | – |
| Time browsing internet, hours/day | 3.17 (1.73) | 2.84 (1.60) | 0.222 | – |
| Self-rated health | 3.13 (0.91) | 2.75 (0.75) | 0.004 | 0.48 |
| Binge drinking | 1.96 (0.92) | 1.74 (0.77) | 0.098 | – |
| Unhealthy nutrition habits | 2.85 (0.61) | 2.84 (0.61) | 0.943 | – |
| Fast food consumption | 0.88 (0.64) | 0.57 (0.63) | 0.004 | 0.49 |
| Disordered eating (EDEQ-6) | 0.85 (0.66) | 1.43 (1.19) | 0.008 | 0.53 |
| Self-esteem | 30.10 (6.26) | 30.10 (5.38) | 1.000 | – |
M = mean; SD = standard deviation; p = statistical significance; d = Cohen's d effect size; SATAQ-4 = Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4; MBSRQ-AS = Multidimensional Body–Self Relations Questionnaire–Appearance Scales; WHOQOL = World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, short version; EDEQ-6 = Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire-6.