Table 2.

Factor loadings, reliability, and validity.

Variables	Standardized loadings	AVE	Cronbach's alpha	CR
Family influence (adapted from Zhang et al., 2017)		.66	.88	.89
During the Covid-19 pandemic, I often ask my family for opinion to help me decide in the shopping and consumption process.	.87***
During the Covid-19 pandemic, I highly value my family's opinion in the shopping and consumption process.	.87***
During the Covid-19 pandemic, my family influence me a lot in the decision-making process.	.82***
During the Covid-19 pandemic, I am more likely to buy or consume what my family think is right.	.68***
Peer influence (adapted from Zhang et al., 2017)		.79	.94	.94
During the Covid-19 pandemic, I often ask my friends/peers for their opinion to assist with shopping and consumption decisions.	.88***
During the Covid-19 pandemic, I highly value my friends/peers' opinion in the shopping and consumption process.	.91***
During the Covid-19 pandemic, my friends/peers influence me a lot in decision-making process.	.90***
During the Covid-19 pandemic, I am likely to choose to buy or consume what my friends/peers agree with.	.86***
Social media influence (adapted from Zhang et al., 2017)		.72	.88	.88
During the Covid-19 pandemic, I visit social networking sites (such as Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin, Youtube) about my shopping and consumption process very often.	.84***
During the Covid-19 pandemic, I frequently use social networking sites about my shopping and consumption process.	.92***
During the Covid-19 pandemic, I am fond of interacting and communicating with others via social networking sites to assist with shopping and consumption decisions.	.77***
Covid-19 fear (adapted from Ahorsu et al., 2020)		.50	.88	.87
I am most afraid of Covid-19.	.69***
It makes me uncomfortable to think about Covid-19.	.72***
My hands become clammy when I think about Covid-19.	.58***
My heart races or palpitates when I think about getting Covid-19.	.76***
I am afraid of losing my life because of Covid-19.	.76***
I cannot sleep because I'm worrying about getting Covid-19.	.61***
When watching news and stories about Covid-19 on social media, I become nervous or anxious.	.79***
Attitude toward giving up unhealthy foods (adapted from Hausman, 2012)		.65	.88	.88
In the process of Covid-19 pandemic, giving up unhealthy foods is good.	.88***
In the process of Covid-19 pandemic, giving up unhealthy foods is pleasant.	.71***
In the process of Covid-19 pandemic, giving up unhealthy foods is favourable.	.86***
In the process of Covid-19 pandemic, giving up unhealthy foods is useful.	.76***
Health consciousness (adapted from Shin & Mattila, 2019)		.68	.86	.87
During the Covid-19 pandemic, I choose food carefully to ensure good health.	.87***
During the Covid-19 pandemic, I think of myself as a health-conscious consumer.	.86***
During the Covid-19 pandemic, I think often about health issues.	.74***
Healthy nutrition (adapted from Thomsen & Hansen, 2015)		.65	.85	.85
During the Covid-19 pandemic, I believe that on average, my intake of drinks is healthy.	.73***
During the Covid-19 pandemic, I believe that on average, my food intake is healthy.	.83***
During the Covid-19 pandemic, my daily diet follows nutritional recommendations.	.86***

X² = 830.07 (df = 327), p < .001; X²/df = 2.54; RMSEA = 0.05; CFI = 0.96; TLI = 0.95; and IFI = 0.96, ***p < .001.