Table 5.

Results of the qualitative data analysis.

Category		Explanation	Examples	Freq	Contrasting with quantitative analysis
Stockpiling behavior, = 208 (multiple answers possible)
1.	Uncertain situation	Expressing uncertain situation, insecurity, fear, worry, losing control	“Because I reckoned with everything, because nothing seemed certain any more...” (34) “Fear” (201) “Because it was unknown how the situation in the country was developing and the people did not know whether they were allowed outside or not” (78)	62	Similar to “perceived control” (Hypothesis 4), though people instead expressed fear of losing control in future
2.	Reduction of shopping frequency	In order to go shopping less frequently (due to reasons like reducing contact with people, belonging to high risk group, wearing of masks)	“Because I wanted to go shopping less often, so that I wouldn't get infected (161).”	48	Not considered in the quantitative analysis, i.e., completely new insight
3.	Fear of food shortage	Uncertainty or fear of food shortage in the future due to others' hoarding, closed shops, or experience of sold out products	“Because I felt put on the spot by others: since others hoard I don't know if there is still enough for me.” (260) “To have enough food at home when stores should be closed due to coronavirus” (20)	45	Congruent with “fear of future unavailability” (Hypothesis 6)
4.	Group dynamic	Expressing that they let themselves be dragged along by the behavior of others	“I can't say. Herd behavior.” (10) “Somehow I let myself get infected…”	6	Similar to “subjective norm” (Hypothesis 2)
5.	No restaurants	People stated they bought more than usual because they could not eat out	“No visits to restaurants” (54)	4	Not considered in the quantitative analysis, i.e., completely new insight
Not stockpiling, n = 303 (multiple answers possible)
1.	Unnecessary	Stockpiling is considered unnecessary; no reason for stockpiling; the situation is considered to be not so bad	“There was no reason for this” (117) “Because I saw no sense in it…’ (283)	102	Similar to aspect “attitude” (Hypothesis 3), because it entails a judgement. Also related to “perceived control” since it assumes perceived full control over behavior at hand
2.	No fear of food shortage	Trust into the future availability of food/groceries is expressed; shops will be open; supply chain and logistics not endangered	“I trust that there is always enough food to buy” (67) “Because the stores were allowed to stay open, after politicians' speeches, I did not buy more…” (223)	60	Congruent with “fear of future unavailability” (Hypothesis 6), the opposite of “fear of food shortage”
3.	Stockpiling anyway	Stockpiling behavior is always exhibited; hence no more food than usual has been bought	“We have always had a certain basis of food to avoid having to shop all the time” (31)	33	Included as control variable “past stockpiling of nonperishable food”
4.	Altruism	Expressions of concerns for others as reason for not stockpiling; stockpiling is explicitly considered antisocial, egoistic, unethical	“I did not want there to be not enough for other people.” (222) “Immoral. And I find it selfish to stockpile”	10	Similar to “attitude” (Hypothesis 3), as it entails a judgement
5.	Nonsense	Devaluating remarks about stockpiling	“I have not, total BS” (64) “Because I'm not stupid” (61)	10	Similar to “attitude” (Hypothesis 3)