Table.

Consensus-Derived Considerations to Address Knowledge Gaps for Children and Young Adults With Acute Kidney Injury

Paradigm	Consensus	Knowledge gap and needed work
Epidemiology	• Stratified understanding of high risk: Neonates, heart disease, chronic kidney disease, sepsis, cystic fibrosis, transplant history, oncologic history, chronic liver disease	• Middle- and low-income populations • Expanded AKI phenotypes
Diagnostics	• Biomarker-based delineation of standard vs high risk	• Integration of concurrent diagnostics • Differentiation of diagnostics over time
Fluid balance	• Use of percent fluid balance and anchor weight (ICU admission weight)	• Adjudicate “fluid overload” by illness state
KST	• Institute benchmarks and components of KST team • Need for pediatric specific extracorporeal therapies	• KST team, quality, and cost optimization • KST integration of tandem therapies
Biopathology	• Pediatrics incorporated into research efforts • Importance of nephrotoxin stewardship programs • Promoting bench-bedside collaboration between preclinical, epidemiological and clinical trial researchers	• Determination of sex as a biological variable related to AKI • Characterize medications affected by AKI across developmental spectrum • Identify the optimal nutritional interventions by age for AKI
Education and advocacy	• Differential approach based on national resources • Integration of electronic medical record/checklists	• Governmentaland community partnerships • Cross-discipline health care training

Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; ICU, intensive care unit; KST, kidney support therapy.